稀有鮈鲫咽齿个体发生的研究

稀有鲫是一种２,４－４,２齿式的小型鲤科鱼类,通过对其胚后发育连续材料的观察,作者认为：１．成体中咽齿的副行齿是遗留的早期替换齿;２．成体中排成一行的主行齿实际分属两代齿,其替换过程与幼体中齿的替换无本质上的差别;３．整个咽齿的替换过程可用Ｅｄｍｕｎｄ的齿序理论和Ｏｓｂｏｒｎ的假设共同解释。     

The uplift of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau and the vicariance speciation of glyptosternoid fishes (Siluriformes: Sisoridae)

Based on the phylogenetic and biogeographical studies of the glyptosternoid fishes in Qinghai-Tibet area, the following hypothesis is proposed: the speciation of this group has a direct relationship with the three uplift intervals of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This process was explained by the theory of vicariance of biogeography. The ancestor of this group was similar toBagarus and/orGlyptothorax, which still have a wide distribution. At the moment when the Tethys sea closed, the Indian tectonic plate collided with the Eurasian tectonic plate, so theGlyptothorax-like andBagarus-like ancestors entered Eurasia and gradually became widely distributed. After the Pleistocene, with the enforced colliding, the gradual uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau brought about the current water environment, and the Glyptosternoids were generated fromGlyptothorax-like fish under this environment. The presentGlyptosternum, distributed across the Himalayas is the ancestor of Glyptosternoids. In the three uplift intervals of the plateau, the water system of this region was separated gradually andGlyptosternum-like ancestor was isolated in different rivers and evolved into various species. All this resulted in the speciation and formation of the biogeographical pattern of glyptosternoids.     

台湾海峡两岸生物地理学现状与展望

对生物地理学的内涵、研究领域以及进展进行了简要介绍,认为近期海峡两岸生物地理学研究的目标应当集中在:末次冰期以来的海陆变迁对海峡两岸生物分布格局的影响、海峡两岸现代动植物区系的渊源、台湾最后与大陆保持陆地连接的时间与范围、东亚岛弧对台湾生物分布格局的影响以及海峡两岸生物的物种分化与生态适应性五个方面。同时认为海峡两岸现代生物分布格局关系的一种历史生物地理学解释,应当是一个在末次冰期期间存在于长江以南的大区系片断化后对海峡两岸各自不同环境适应的结果。