锦鸡儿属灌丛化对草原化荒漠区土壤线虫群落组成和代谢足迹的影响

调查了内蒙古草原化荒漠区3种锦鸡儿[垫状锦鸡儿(Caragana tibetica)、荒漠锦鸡儿(C.roborovskyi)和狭叶锦鸡儿(C.stenophylla)]灌丛内、外土壤线虫群落多样性、组成和代谢足迹,以及相关的土壤理化性质和植物群落特征,旨在探讨锦鸡儿属灌丛对土壤线虫群落的影响,并分析这种影响是否具有灌木种间差异,同时从线虫功能团水平上探究灌丛如何通过非生物因素和生物因素影响线虫群落组成。结果表明：锦鸡儿属灌丛对土壤线虫多度、丰富度和多样性无显著影响,但却显著影响土壤线虫群落组成。原因是灌丛对土壤线虫群落具有物种选择性;灌丛可能主要是通过根系分泌物、凋落物质量等因素,而不是通过土壤理化性质和林下植物影响线虫群落组成。土壤线虫组成的变化引起线虫代谢足迹发生明显变化。灌丛内土壤线虫功能代谢足迹大于灌丛外(除狭叶锦鸡儿外),说明灌丛内土壤线虫群落对碳的利用率更高。3种锦鸡儿属灌木中,狭叶锦鸡儿的结构代谢足迹最大,表明狭叶锦鸡儿对捕食杂食类线虫代谢活性的促进作用更强。土壤线虫组成的变化通过线虫代谢足迹导致土壤食物网结构发生显著性变化。狭叶锦鸡儿灌丛土壤干扰程度低,营养富集状况好...     

淇河流域生态系统服务权衡及空间分异机制的地理探测

复杂的地形地貌使小流域具有生产、水源供给和调节等多种生态系统服务功能和显著的区域差异性,然而对小流域生态系统服务权衡关系及外部驱动机制集成测度一直是地理学、生态学和经济学研究的难题。以太行山南段淇河流域为研究对象,利用气象数据、土地利用/覆被数据、植被NDVI等多源数据,使用CASA模型和InVEST模型分别估算固碳、土壤保持及水源供给服务,运用空间叠置法和相关性分析测度生态系统服务权衡关系,进一步利用地理探测器中因子探测和交互探测分析自然环境和人类活动影响对生态系统服务权衡关系的空间影响。结果表明：①2000-2015年,淇河流域多年平均固碳量为375.55 gC m^-2 a^-1,且多年递减速率为18.20 gC m^-2 a^-1;多年平均土壤保持量为396.72 t hm^-2a^-1,多年递减速率为1.2 t hm^-2 a^-1;多年平均水源供给量为67.26 mm/a,以0.16 mm/a的速率递减。②研究时段内,生态系统服务关系以强权衡和低协同为主导,且存在显著的空间分异特征,低协同分布区域减幅为16.21%,强权衡增幅最多（11.85%）,表明流域生态系统服务能力呈升高趋势;生态系统服务两两关系中固碳与水源供给、水源供给与土壤保持表现为权衡关系,固碳与土壤保持呈协同态势。③地理探测器结果表明：固碳与土壤保持方面,植被NDVI（0.306） > 气温（0.241） > 土地利用程度（0.002）;固碳与水源供给方面,植被NDVI因子解释力最强（0.381）;水源供给与土壤保持方面,降水、气温和高程因子解释力均高于0.5;交互探测后各影响因子解释能力显著增强。     

犬获得性食管气管瘘模型建立及食管双瓣修补术实验研究

目的:1.建立犬食管气管瘘动物模型;2.观察食管壁双瓣修补气管缺损术局部组织病理学改变、愈合情况及该术式的治疗效果。方法:犬16只,随机分为2组,实验组(12只)建立犬食管气管瘘动物模型,行食管壁双瓣修补气管缺损术,对照组(4只)正常犬作为空白对照,术后支气管镜检查,术后1,2,8周处死动物,观察实验动物一般情况、修补局部的大体改变和组织病理学改变,测定气管狭窄指数。结果:成功建立了犬食管气管瘘动物模型;食管双瓣修补术后,实验组动物呛咳症状消失,均存活至预定时间,修补瓣和气管之间愈合良好,修补瓣血供良好,未出现气管狭窄情况,气管通畅度良好。结论:通过手术方式建立食管气管瘘模型方法可靠;食管双瓣修补术治疗TEF效果良好,值得进一步研究及推广。     

Effect of Forskolin on Progesterone and Plasminogen Activator Secretion by Perfused Rat Corpora Lutea during Pseudopregnancy

Effects of forskolin on progesterone and plasminogen activator production in pseudopregnant ratcorpora lutea was investigated using isolated in vitro perfused ovaries.Progesterone andplasminogen activator production were measured on day 1,8 and 18 of hCG-inducedpseudopregnancy.The results indicated:different concentrations of forskolin(100,200,400 and800 μg)administered to ovaries on the 8th day of pseudopregnancy caused elevation of progesteronesecretion in a dose-dependent manner.After 8 hours of perfusion,PA contents increasedsignificantly in ovaries treated with forskolin.With exogenous PA-urokinase(800 U)added to theperfusion solution,progesterone secretion increased significantly as compared to control group andremained on high level throughout the perfusion period.Though exerting no apparent effects in lowdosage(5 mM),AMCHA,a PA inhibitor,administered in higher dosage(10 and 15 mM)led tomarked reduction in PA activity and progesterone secretion as compared to control group.Thusforskolin causes significant elevation of level of progesterone secretion and PA activity inpseudopregnant rat ovary perfused in vitro.And PA seems to regulate progesterone secretion in theperfused rat corpora luteum.     

Radiosensitization mechanism of riboflavin in vitro

Riboflavin, suggested to be a radiosensitizer, was studied in murine thymocytes and human hepatoma L02 cell line in vitro with MTT method and fluorescence microscopy. When the murine thymocytes treated with 5–400 μmol/L riboflavin were irradiated by 5 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ ionizing radiation, the low concentration groups, i.e. treated with 5–50 μmol/L riboflavin, showed a different surviving fractions-time relating correlation compared with the high concentration groups, i.e. treated with 100–400 μmol/L riboflavin. The former had a high survival level at the end of irradiation, but which, after 4-h incubation, decreased rapidly to a low level. On the contrary, the high concentration groups showed a low survival level at the end of irradiation, and a poor correlation was found between the surviving fraction and the incubation time, after 4 h a little difference was observed. The results of fluorescence microscopy indicated that under low concentration conditions, the riboflavin localized mainly in nucleus (both perinuclear area and inside of nuclear membrane), while under high concentration conditions, intensive riboflavin also localized around cytoplasmic membranes. Thus we can conclude: the riboflavin had radiosensitivity effect on DNA under low concentration conditions, and enhanced the damage to cytoplasmic membrane under high concentration conditions. Also the most effective concentration of riboflavin can be evaluated to be approximate 100 μmol/L.     

飞播马尾松林林下植被盖度与环境因子的关系

采用主成分分析、冗余分析和方差分解法研究飞播马尾松林林下植被盖度与环境因子的关系.结果表明： 选取的环境因子共解释飞播马尾松林林下植被盖度信息的74.2%.在低海拔处,林分因子是影响林下植被盖度的主要因素.林分因子、土壤因子及地形因子对林下植被盖度的解释率分别为55.0%(包含29.1%的单独解释率和25.9%的交互作用)、38.9%(包含12.1%的单独解释率和26.8%的交互作用)和9.0%(包含5.6%的单独解释率和3.4%的交互作用).平均胸径和郁闭度对苔藓类、禾本类和灌木类盖度影响程度较大,且呈显著正相关,芒萁类盖度与非毛管孔隙度和土壤含水量呈显著正相关,与平均胸径、郁闭度、土壤养分及酶活性呈显著负相关.禾本类盖度、苔藓类盖度以及灌木类盖度三者紧密联系,相互促进,而芒萁类盖度与这3类林下植被盖度呈显著负相关.     

哺乳动物细胞DNA辐射损伤与修复的研究 Ⅰ.γ-线引起人外周血转化淋巴细胞DNA链的断裂与重接

~(60)Coγ-线照射人外周血转化淋巴细胞后,即刻经碱性蔗糖梯度(5～20%〕超离心沉降分析,结果表明随照射剂量(1～6Krad)增大,DNA单链断裂亦增加。3Krad照射细胞经与自体血清37℃保温在2小时以内,DNA断裂链重接分子随保温时间的延长而逐渐增加,然未见完全修复。若继续保温至8小时后,DNA重接分子又发生断裂,至24小时后已重接好的DNA沉降峰几乎消失,并在离心管口出现DNA降解分子,同时细胞活力降低,较保温前下降28%。可以设想DNA重接分子的再断裂是一种不可逆的生化变化,且与细胞死亡有关。     

探讨化工项目环境影响评价的要点

近年来,随着我国国民经济的迅猛发展以及环境影响评价的不断完善,人们对化工项目环境影响评价提出越来越高的要求。由于化工项目对环境影响较大,为此,必须重视环境影响评价工作,做好工程分析,采取科学、合理的污染防治措施,正确的分析对环境的影响,提出清洁生产与风险防范措施,以得到合理的评价结论。     

飞播马尾松林土壤有机碳空间分布及其影响因子

以飞播马尾松林为研究对象,通过典型样地调查和样品测定,采用简单相关分析和增强回归树分析(Boosted regression tree analysis:BRT)相结合的方法分析地形、林分、土壤以及林下植被条件对飞播马尾松林土壤有机碳的影响。结果表明:飞播马尾松林0—10 cm、10—20 cm土层有机碳含量的平均值分别为10.22 g/kg和6.64 g/kg,土壤有机碳含量随土层的加深而降低,两土层有机碳含量的变异系数分别为59.5%和60.1%,均属于中等程度变异。土壤有机碳含量主要受土壤条件的影响,其次为林分条件、地形条件和林下植被条件,土壤、林分、地形和林下植被条件对0—10 cm土层有机碳含量的相对影响力分别为63.4%,19.3%,10.9%和6.4%,对10—20 cm土层的相对影响力分别为60.4%,21.9%,10.6%和7.1%。全氮和全磷是影响土壤有机碳含量的主要因子,对0—10 cm土层有机碳含量影响最大的因子是全氮,其相对影响力为40.2%,对10—20 cm土层有机碳含量影响最大的因子是全磷,相对影响力为31.2%;全氮、全磷和平均胸径与两土层有机碳含量均呈显著正相关,林分密度和土壤容重与0—10 cm土层有机碳含量呈显著负相关,坡向与0—10 cm土层有机碳含量则表现为越向阳坡有机碳含量越高的规律,其他影响因子与土壤有机碳的相关性不显著。     

Radiosensitization mechanism of riboflavin in vitro

Riboflavin, suggested to be a radiosensitizer, was studied in murine thymocytes and human hepatoma L02 cell line in vitro with MTT method and fluorescence microscopy. When the murine thymocytes treated with 5-400 μmol/L riboflavin were irradiated by 5 Gy 60Co γionizing radiation, the low concentration groups, i.e. treated with 5-50 μmol/L riboflavin, showed a different surviving fractions-time relating correlation compared with the high concentration groups, i.e. treated with 100-400 μmol/L riboflavin. The former had a high survival level at the end of irradiation, but which, after 4-h incubation, decreased rapidly to a low level. On the contrary, the high concentration groups showed a low survival level at the end of irradiation, and a poor correlation was found between the surviving fraction and the incubation time, after 4 h a little difference was observed. The results of fluorescence microscopy indicated that under low concentration conditions, the riboflavin localized mainly in nucleus (both pe