玉米叶片生长规律的观察

供试品种玉米各叶位的生长有严格的顺序性,叶面积大小与延续生长期呈正相关。叶面积系数最高值为3.14,增长期51天,稳定期37天。单位叶面积叶绿素含量在第9、13叶出现两个高峰,其中第1峰与单位面积鲜重的高峰重合。     

有壳变形虫在我国第四纪古环境研究中的意义

有壳变形虫在我国第四纪地层中广泛分布,常见种有旋匣壳虫、无棘匣壳虫、针棘匣壳虫和砂壳虫未定种等。作为能在低pH环境下抗溶蚀的原生动物,它们在缺乏钙质化石的地层中是特别有用的环境标志。在我国,有壳变形虫在沿海平原与陆架海区是辨认海相、陆相和海陆过渡相沉积的宝贵标志。此外,有壳变形虫对于营养水平、沉积速率和其它环境参数反应灵敏,是第四纪地层古湖泊学的潜在指示化石。但是为了将有壳变形虫用于我国古湖泊学研究,需要对其现代分布进行定量的研究。 本文描述了一个新种,即亚洲鸟嘴虫Hoogenraadia asiatica。     

南海表层沉积物中微体动物群的分布及沉积环境特征的探讨

根据沉积物中微体动物群及小壳类遗壳的分布与海洋沉积环境关系,记述在不同的沉积相中各类生物群的种类组成,分布特点及环境意义。     

Effect of a broad-host range plasmid on growth dynamics of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida

Host-plasmid interactions were studied for the broad-host range plasmid, pTJS26, a derivative of RK2. To isolate host and plasmid contributions to the growth dynamics and plasmid stability, separate experiments were performed with host and recombinant cells for two different gram-negative hosts, Pseudomonas putida and Escherichia coli, at two different temperatures, 30 and 37 degrees C. At the lower temperature (30 degrees C) the growth kinetics were not affected by the plasmid, but plasmid instability was observed. At the higher temperature (37 degrees C) growth rates and yields were lower than that for the hosts, but the plasmid was stable. This behavior can be explained by a combination of two phenomena. First, the copy number control mechanism may be temperature sensitive and, second, plasmid segregation may be inefficient. For both E. coli and P. putida the growth dynamics of the recombinant system was dictated by the presence of the plasmid.     

Growth dynamics of a methylotroph (Methylomonas L3) in continuous cultures. II. Growth inhibition and comparison against an unstructured model

High methanol concentrations have a negative effect on the growth rate and the biomass yield of growth transients induced by methanol pulses in continuous cultures of Methylomonas L3. The physiological basis of this effect is investigated by measuring the effect of the methanol pulse on the cell energy charge (EC) and ATP, ADP, and AMP concentrations, and by comparing the results of the pulse transients against an unstructured model. The methanol pulse is shown to lead to increased values of the cell EC and ATP concentration, and thus, inhibition and reduced availability of biosynthetic energy are excluded as causes of inhibition. When the biomass and methanol profiles of the transient experiments are compared in phase-plane diagrams against computer simulations based on the model, satisfactory agreement between experimental data and model predictions is found in single-substrate, high-dilution-rate experiments. Conversely, poor agreement between experimental data and simulation results indicates a more severe growth inhibition than the model predicts at low dilution rates and a less severe one in mixed-substrate experiments. Based on these findings and other relevant physiological information, we propose that the large variations in the negative effect of methanol on growth result from the fact that cells accumulate methanol to widely different concentrations depending on their physiological state. In their effort to detoxify from the high intracellular methanol and formaldehyde concentrations, cells oxidize considerably more methanol than they can incorporate into biomass. This leads to a useless ATP surplus, which the cells must hydrolyze without doing any useful biosynthetic work, and this results in lower biomass yields.     

Effect of cycling on final mixed culture fate

Cycling in feed substrate concentration and dilution rate is examined as a means of modifying the final fate of a mixed culture. It is shown for the case where the specific growth rate of one species is always greater than that of the second that no cycling strategy will provide the desired extinction of the faster growing species unless time delay is included in the modeling. To account for the time lag in adjusting organism metabolic activities to environmental changes, an adaptability parameter is introduced. Numerical simulations are carried out and an operating diagram indicating the conditions under which the desired extinction occurs is constructed. Cycling in feed substrate concentration and dilution rate are both found to produce the desired result.     

A model for growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing a recombinant plasmid in selective media

A major problem in the use of plasmids as recombinant vectors is the problem of plasmid-free cell generation from plasmid shedding and subsequent growth. A common technique for controlling the population of plasmidfree cells is the use of selective media against these cells using an auxotrophic host and a plasmid that has the ability to produced the essential metabolite. A distributed model describing the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing a recombinant plasmid in selective media was developed. The model allows for growth and production of a metabolite by the plasmid-carrying strain and growth of the plasmid-free cells on resulting metabolite concentrations. Through a determination of system constants and numerical solution to the equations, experimental batch and continuous culture results for cell concentration transients could be simulated by the model. The results indicated that despite selective pressure, plasmid-free cell growth was significant.     

Improvement in separation characteristics of protein precipitates by acoustic conditioning

The effect of acoustic conditioning on the particle size distribution of isoelectric and calcium-ion-precipitated soya protein has been examined in low-residence-time chambers. In a previous study a beat frequency of 5 Hz obtained using a dual-source system of opposing vibrators was determined as giving optimal improvement in particle-settling characteristics for isoelectric soya protein precipitate. In this study the effect of amplitude of vibration, a measure of acoustic power input, and residence time of acoustic conditioning has been examined.Acoustic power input changed the flow pattern in the conditioning chamber from laminar streamline flow to a well-mixed, turbulent pattern. Such a mixing effect promoted the rapid aggregation of fine particles, a process that was modeled on the basis of orthokinetically controlled collisions. The rate of removal of fine particles due to acoustic conditioning was shown to be proportional to a mixing effect that was releated to the acoustic power dissipated per unit volume.The consequences of fine-particle aggregation on the centrifugal recovery of the precipitate are discussed.     

Mathematical analysis of two-phase mass transfer in a batch reactor for the chemical transformation of a steroid

A reactor is described for the conversion of the slightly water-soluble steroid testosterone (T) to 4-androstene-3, 17-dione (4-AD) by enzyme in the presence of excess cofactor. Since the enzyme is subject to substrate inhibition, reaction rates are strong functions of aqueous substrate concentration. High concentrations of the substrate, testosterone, per unit reactor volume are maintained within poly(dimethylsiloxane) beads that are suspended in the aqueous enzyme solution. Mass transfer (controlled by bead size, polymer to water volume ratio, enzyme loading) is used to control the degree and rate of conversion. The reactor dynamics are predicted over a wide range of reaction conditions. The product steroid is recovered in the polymeric beads from the enzyme solution.