新疆维吾尔族人群过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体基因相关SNP位点的多态性

对过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体基因(PPARG)的31个SNP位点进行群体遗传学分析,利用质谱检测技术检测PPARG基因的31个SNPs位点多态性,并根据质谱峰图判读样本目标位点基因型,统计分析31个SNP位点的基因型和等位基因的分布频率,利用x2检验确定筛选的SNP位点是否符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律。结果发现31个SNP位点中,23个位点的次等位基因分布频率MAF≥0.05,在新疆维吾尔族人群中具有多态性,其他8个SNP位点的MAF0.05,没显示多态性。基因型和等位基因频率在男女两组间均无统计学差异(P0.05),表明这些位点等位基因分布不存在性别差异。     

Osmotic regulation of bile acid transport, apoptosis and proliferation in rat liver

Changes in mammalian cell volume as induced by either anisoosmolarity, hormones, nutrients or oxidative stress critically contribute to the regulation of metabolism, membrane transport, gene expression and the susceptibility to cellular stress. Osmosensing, i.e. the registration of cell volume changes, triggers signal transduction pathways towards effector pathways (osmosignaling) which link alterations of cell volume to changes in cell function. This review summarizes our own work on the understanding of how osmosensing and osmosignaling integrate into the overall context of bile acid transport, growth factor signaling and the execution of apoptotic programs.     

Direct probing of ion pair formation using a symmetric triangulenium dye

The 2,6,10-tris(dialkylamino)trioxatriangulenium dyes (ATOTA(+)) are highly stabilised cationic chromophores with D(3h) symmetry. The symmetry gives rise to a degeneracy of the main electronic transition. In low polarity solvents significant splitting of this degenerate transition is observed and assigned to ion pair formation. Ion pairing of the 2,6,10-tris(dioctylamino)trioxatriangulenium ion with Cl(-), BF(4)(-), PF(6)(-) and TRISPHAT anions was studied using absorption spectroscopy. A clear correlation is found between the size of the anion and the splitting of the ATOTA(+) transitions. In benzene the Cl(-) salt displays a splitting of 1955 cm(-1), while the salt of the much larger TRISPHAT ion has a splitting of 1543 cm(-1). TD-DFT calculations confirm the splitting of the states and provide a detailed insight into the electronic structure of the ion pairs. The different degree of splitting in different ion pairs is found to correlate with the magnitude of the electric field generated in each ion pair, thus leading to the conclusion that the effect seen is an internal Stark effect. By insertion of an amphiphilic derivative of the ATOTA(+) chromophore in an oriented lamellar liquid crystal, it was possible to resolve the two bands of the double peak spectrum and show their perpendicular orientation in the molecular framework, as predicted by the calculations.     

Frequencies of pyrethroid resistance-associated mutations of Vssc1 and CYP6D1 in field populations of Musca domestica L. in Turkey

House flies were collected from 16 different provinces in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions of Turkey, and the frequencies of pyrethroid resistance-associated mutations in Vssc1 and CYP6D1 in these field-collected populations were studied. Although there is no organized resistance management program for house fly control in Turkey, it is known that different groups of insecticides, including pyrethroids, are used. The frequencies of both Vssc1 and CYP6D1 alleles were weighted toward the susceptibles, with Vssc1-susceptible alleles having higher frequencies in both regions (0.75 in Aegean and 0.69 in Mediterranean populations) than CYP6D1-susceptible alleles (0.65 in Aegean and 0.56 in Mediterranean populations). The frequencies of kdr-his alleles were higher than the frequencies of kdr alleles in these populations. While the frequencies of kdr-his alleles were close to each other in the Aegean (0.23) and Mediterranean (0.17) populations, the frequencies of kdr alleles remarkably differed in these two regions, with values of 0.02 and 0.14, respectively. In contrast to Europe, Asia, and the U.S.A., no super-kdr allele was detected in the samples from both regions. We identified six and eight different Vssc1+CYP6D1 genotype classes in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions, respectively. The three most common genotype classes in the regions were susceptible Vssc1 with heterozygous CYP6D1v1 (29%), sus/kdr-his1 with heterozygous CYP6D1v1 (23%), and susceptible Vssc1 with CYP6D1 (22%). The total frequencies of these three most common genotype classes (approximately 75%) obtained in our study were very close to the value obtained in Florida in a previous study, which was related by the similarity of temperature patterns between Florida and the corresponding regions of Turkey. This may reflect the lack of overwintering fitness cost associated with resistance alleles in both climates.     

Anopheles atroparvus density modeling using MODIS NDVI in a former malarious area in Portugal

Malaria is dependent on environmental factors and considered as potentially re-emerging in temperate regions. Remote sensing data have been used successfully for monitoring environmental conditions that influence the patterns of such arthropod vector-borne diseases. Anopheles atroparvus density data were collected from 2002 to 2005, on a bimonthly basis, at three sites in a former malarial area in Southern Portugal. The development of the Remote Vector Model (RVM) was based upon two main variables: temperature and the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra satellite. Temperature influences the mosquito life cycle and affects its intra-annual prevalence, and MODIS NDVI was used as a proxy for suitable habitat conditions. Mosquito data were used for calibration and validation of the model. For areas with high mosquito density, the model validation demonstrated a Pearson correlation of 0.68 (p<0.05) and a modelling efficiency/Nash-Sutcliffe of 0.44 representing the model's ability to predict intra- and inter-annual vector density trends. RVM estimates the density of the former malarial vector An. atroparvus as a function of temperature and of MODIS NDVI. RVM is a satellite data-based assimilation algorithm that uses temperature fields to predict the intra- and inter-annual densities of this mosquito species using MODIS NDVI. RVM is a relevant tool for vector density estimation, contributing to the risk assessment of transmission of mosquito-borne diseases and can be part of the early warning system and contingency plans providing support to the decision making process of relevant authorities.     

Environmental factors associated with the distribution of floodwater mosquito eggs in irrigated fields in Wrocław,Poland

A survey of distribution patterns of floodwater mosquito eggs related to environmental conditions such as moisture and plant associations was conducted by using soil samples from irrigated fields in Wroc?aw, Poland. Mosquito egg distribution was determined by repeatedly flooding the soil samples with aerated water at a temperature of 25° C. Under laboratory conditions, hatching in installments of Aedes caspius (Pallas) and Aedes vexans (Meigen) were commonly observed. The results show that ～75% of the larvae of Ae. caspius and Ae. vexans hatched after the first flooding under summer‐like conditions, whereas, following the second and third flooding, the numbers of hatched larvae were significantly lower. In our study, within one intermediate flooded field, a total of 66 plant species was identified and classified into six communities. All vegetation types were associated by varied egg densities and showed differences both in richness and Shannon‐Wiener diversity index as well as in ecological indices for moisture, soil reaction, and nutrient level. Small changes in elevation along the slope within the study area showed a large difference in the distribution of mosquito eggs. The highest average egg density was observed in zones with high occurrence of Phalaris arundinacea, usually prevalent in intermediate flooded and fertile areas. Knowledge of the indicators for the distribution of floodwater mosquito eggs in temporary breeding sites may be essential for organizing a successful, integrated mosquito control program with special regard to microbial control agents.     

Antimicrobial resistance and class I integrons in Salmonella enterica isolates from wild boars and Bísaro pigs

The antibiotic resistance phenotype and genotype and the integron type were characterized in 58 Salmonella enterica isolates recovered from Bísaro pigs and wild boars (20 S. Typhimurium, 17 S. Rissen, 14 S. Enteritidis and 7 S. Havana). Most S. Typhimurium isolates (15/20 of Bísaro pigs and wild boars) showed ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid resistances. Of the 17 S. Rissen isolates of both origins, 13 were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Among the S. Enteritidis isolates of Bísaro pigs, eight were nalidixic acid-resistant and three were sulfonamide-resistant. The tet(A) or tet(G) genes were detected in most tetracycline-resistant isolates. The intI1 gene was identified in 72.5% of S. enterica isolates in which the conserved region 3' of class 1 integrons (qacEΔ1+sul1) was also amplified, whereas none had the intI2 gene. The dfrA12+orfF+aadA2 gene cassette arrangement was found in the variable region of class 1 integrons in 14 S. Rissen isolates. Fifteen S. Typhimurium isolates had two integrons with variable regions of 1000 and 1200 bp that harbored the aadA2 and blaPSE-1 gene cassettes, respectively. In these isolates the floR and tet(G) genes were also amplified, indicative of the genomic island 1 (SGI1). Salmonella Typhimurium and S. Rissen of animal origin frequently show a multi-antimicrobial resistant phenotype, which may have implications in public health.