作物抗虫基因工程及其安全性

利用基因工程培育抗虫新品种是农作物害虫防治的有效途径.本文综述了来自细菌的Bt基因及来源于植物的蛋白酶抑制剂基因、凝聚素基因、α-淀粉酶抑制剂基因等转基因植物的防治效果,探讨了它们的安全性,并指出了理想杀虫剂应具备的基本特征。 Abstract:Genetically engineered crop resistance to insects and pests offers a method of crop protection.In this review,we focus primarily on those genes with demonstrated effects in transgenic plants,including Bt toxins genes and those derived from plants,such as protease inhibitor genes,alpha-amylase inhibitor genes,lectin genes.The biosafety of insect resistance transgenic crop and the characteristics of and‘ideal' new pesticide are discussed.     

大鼠部分肝切除前后热激处理对过氧化物酶基因表达的影响

用过氧化物酶原位复性电泳(SDS-POD-PAGE)技术分析了部分肝切除(partial hepatectomy,PH)、部分肝切除后再热激(partial hepatectomyfollowing heat shock,PH-HS)和先热激再部分肝切除(heat shock follow ing partial hepatectomy,HS-PH)后肝再生期间过氧化物酶(POD)基因表达差异,结果表明,PH中表达的POD基因种类(7个)>PH-HS(5个)>HS-PH(3个);三个模型的POD总活性为:HS-PH>PH>PH-HS.根据实验结果推测,POD在肝再生和肝损伤恢复中起一定作用。 Abstract:Expression difference of the peroxidase(POD)genes during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy(PH),partial hepatectomy following heat shock(PH-HS)and heat shock following partial hepatectomy(HS-PH)was analyzed by POD renatured electrophoresis(SDS-POD-PAGE).The results showed that the expressed POD gene kinds in PH,PH-HS and HS-PH were 7,5 and 3 respectively,and that the total activities of POD in the three models were HS-PH>PH>PH-HS.The results suggested that POD play some roles during liver regeneration and in recovery after liver damage.     

生姜脱菌快繁研究进展

生姜是重要的经济作物,可用作香料、药物和调味品,它主要通过地下根状茎繁殖。自1977年生姜脱菌组培获得成功以来,在外植体的选择、培养基和培养条件等脱菌快繁技术上都有较大改进,培养效率明显提高,平均每个芽可增殖7.7个芽,移栽成活率高达95%以上。就生姜脱菌快繁技术的发展及其应用前景,诸如创造遗传变异、离体种质保存、脱菌种子包衣和离体小块茎生产等作了综述。     

蛋白酶抑制剂在抗虫基因工程中的应用

简要介绍了蛋白酶抑制剂的种类及其在抗虫基因工程中的应用,并根据当前的研究情况,对蛋白酶抑制剂的研究前景和方向做了一些探讨。     

草坪草生物技术研究进展

草坪草转基因方法主要有原生质体融合法,基因枪法和农杆菌介导法。抗生素（潮霉素,G418)和除草剂（bialaphos,ppt)都可用于草坪草也可能存在生态风险性。     

广州地区106例汉族人群MICA和MICB微卫星基因座 单体型研究 The Study on the Haplotype of MICA and MICB Microsatellite Locus In Guangzhou Han Population

利用聚合酶链反应和荧光（6－FAM）自动化检测技术对广东地区汉族106例无亲缘关系样本进行MICA基因外显子5和MICB基因内含子1微卫星基因座多态性及其单体型分布调查。根据群体资料估算两者间的单体型频率、连锁不平衡参数、相对连锁不平衡参数。结果显示，广州地区汉族人群MICA和MICB微卫星基因座基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡法则，共检出MICA微卫星基因座 5个等位基因， MICB微卫星基因座14个等位基因。其中MICA A5基因频率最高（0.2877），A4基因频率最低（0.1321）。MICB CA14等位基因频率最高（0.3255），CA19、CA28等位基因频率最低（0.0047），未检出CA27。21种MICA－MICB单体型频率大于1%(连锁不平衡参数>0), 其中单体型A5－CA14 (16.73%), A5.1－CA18 (8.75%), A4－CA26(3.76%)，A9－CA15(3.66%)和A6－CA21(2.61%)为强连锁常见单体型（χ2>3.84, P<0.05）。广州地区汉族人群MICA和MICB微卫星基因座多态性和单体型分布有其自身特点，MICA和MICB微卫星基因座适合做为遗传标志，用于人类学、遗传疾病基因连锁分析、法医学亲子鉴定和个体识别等研究领域。Abstract: This study is to investigate genetic polymorphisms and haplotypes of microsatellite locus in the exon 5 of the MICA gene and intron 1 of the MICB gene based on 106 samples of Guangzhou Han Population by polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent technique (6-FAM). The corresponding haplotype frequencies, linkage disequilibria values and relative linkage disequilibria values were estimated based on population data. The results show that the genotype distributions of MICA and MICB microsatellite meet Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in Guangdong Han population. In total, 5 alleles of MICA microsatellite locus and 14 alleles of MICB microsatellite locus were observed. MICA A5 was the most common allele (0.2877), whereas A4 was the least popular one (0.1321). MICB CA14 was the most common allele (0.3255), and CA19 and CA28 were the least popular ones (0.0047). CA27 was not observed. Twenty-one kinds of MICA-MICB haplotypes occurred at frequencies of more than 1% (linkage disequilibria value>0). The common MICA-MICB haplotypes were A5-CA14（16.73％）, A5.1- CA18 (8.75%), A4- CA26(3.76%)，A9-CA15(3.66%) and A6-CA21(2.61%)（χ2>3.84, P<0.05）, and they were strong linkage disequilibria. The polymorphisms and haplotypes distributions of MICA and MICB microsatellite locus in Guangzhou Han population have their own genetic characteristics. The microsatellite locus of the exon5 of the MICA gene and intron 1 of the MICB gene could be used as the genetic markers in the studies of anthropology, linkage analysis of genetic disease genes, individual identification and paternity test in forensic medicine.     

Preferential transport activity of DkDTX5/MATE5 affects the formation of different astringency in persimmon

Proanthocyanidins(PAs) are specialized metabolites that infuence persimmon fruit quality.Normal astringent(A)-type and non-astringent(NA)-type mutants show significant variation in PA accumulation, but the infuencing mechanism remains unclear. In this study, among the six identified DTXs/MATEs proteins associated with PA accumulation, we observed that allelic variation and preferential transport by Dk DTX5/MATE5 induced variation in PA accumulation for A-type and NA-type fruit. The expression pa...     

Elimination of the geomagnetic field stimulates the proliferation of mouse neural progenitor and stem cells

Living organisms are exposed to the geomagnetic field (GMF) throughout their lifespan. Elimination of the GMF, resulting in a hypogeomagnetic field (HMF), leads to central nervous system dysfunction and abnormal development in animals. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these effects have not been identified so far. Here, we show that exposure to an HMF (<200 nT), produced by a magnetic field shielding chamber, promotes the proliferation of neural progenitor/stem cells (NPCs/NSCs) from C57BL/6 mice. Following seven-day HMF-exposure, the primary neurospheres (NSs) were significantly larger in size, and twice more NPCs/NSCs were harvested from neonatal NSs, when compared to the GMF controls. The self-renewal capacity and multipotency of the NSs were maintained, as HMF-exposed NSs were positive for NSC markers (Nestin and Sox2), and could differentiate into neurons and astrocyte/glial cells and be passaged continuously. In addition, adult mice exposed to the HMF for one month were observed to have a greater number of proliferative cells in the subventricular zone. These findings indicate that continuous HMF-exposure increases the proliferation of NPCs/NSCs,in vitro and in vivo. HMF-disturbed NPCs/ NSCs production probably Affects brain development and function, which provides a novel clue for elucidating the cellular mechanisms of the bio-HMF response.