脂质组学研究进展

综述了脂质组学的研究现状和发展趋势.脂质组学是对生物体、组织或细胞中的脂质以及与其相互作用的分子进行系统分析的一门新兴学科.脂质具有多种重要的生物功能,脂质代谢异常可引发诸多人类疾病,包括糖尿病、肥胖症、癌症以及神经退行性疾病等.目前,脂质组学研究已成为一个前景广阔的热门领域,并广泛地应用到包括药物研发、分子生理学、分子病理学、功能基因组学、营养学以及环境与健康等重要领域.     

南水北调中线水源区溪流生态系统健康评价

2007年7月—2008年5月,对南水北调中线水源区丹江口水库若干入库溪流的河流水文、河流形态、河岸带、水体理化和底栖生物进行调查并应用河流健康综合评价指数进行评价。结果表明,位于上游的溪流生态系统健康状况较好,而位于城镇下游的溪流生态系统健康状况较差,主要体现在河流形态的改变、底栖藻类自养指数升高和底栖动物多样性减小。提出维持丹江口入库溪流生态系统健康的建议,除了对上游地区要进行生态环境保护外,更要对中游地区受破坏的河流形态进行恢复。     

己酮可可碱在哺乳动物辅助生殖技术方面的应用进展

综述了己酮可可碱在哺乳动物辅助生殖技术方面的应用情况.概括了己酮可可碱在精子细胞浆内注射、人工授精、体外处理精液和口服使用对生殖细胞的改善作用等方面的应用情况,最后概述了己酮可可碱对生殖细胞可能生生的毒性作用.     

Isolation and characterization of lectin from the surface of Grifola frondosa (FR.) S.F. Gray mycelium

For the first time, from the surface of the dikaryotic mycelium of the xylotrophic basidiomycete Grifola frondosa 0917 a lectin has been isolated with a molecular mass of 68 +/- 1 kDa, consisting of two subunits of 33-34 kDa each. The lectin is a hydrophilic glycoprotein with the protein : glycan ratio of 3 : 1. It exhibits high affinity to native rabbit erythrocytes and to human erythrocytes of the 0 blood group, but not to trypsin-treated ones. The hemagglutination (HA) caused by lectin was not blocked by any of the 25 tested mono-, di-, and amino sugars; it was also not blocked by some of glyco derivatives. Only 13.9 microg/ml of the homogeneous preparation of a polysaccharide, a linear D-rhamnan with the structure of the repetitive component --> 2)-beta-D-Rhap-(1 --> 3)-alpha-D-Rhap-(1 --> 3)-alpha-D-Rhap-(1 --> 2)-alpha-D-Rhap-(1 --> 2)-alpha-D-Rhap-(1 --> blocked hemagglutination completely. The analysis of the amino acid composition of the lectin showed the greatest percentage of amino acids with positively charged R groups, arginine, lysine, and histidine, as well as the complete absence of sulfur-containing amino acids, cysteine, and methionine. D-glucose and D-glucosamine were detected in the carbohydrate part.     

球形芽孢杆菌Mtx1蛋白和苏云金杆菌Cyt1Aa晶体蛋白的协同作用

采用常规的生物测定方法确定了纯化的球形芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sphaericus)的缺失信号肽的97kDa营养期杀蚊毒素(Mosquitocidal toxin 1,Mtx1)蛋白和苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)27.3kDa的Cyt1Aa晶体蛋白对致倦库蚊(Culex quinquefasciatus)幼虫的杀虫活性。结果表明Mtx1和Cyt1Aa不同比例的混合物对致倦库蚊的毒力比单独毒素蛋白高,经统计分析表明两毒素蛋白对目标蚊幼虫具有明显的协同作用。在LC98处理浓度下,Mtx1和Cyt1Aa按3∶1混合的混合物LT50值比单独Mtx1的提前了6.36h。表明Cyt1Aa和Mtx1对致倦库蚊具有协同毒杀作用,提高对目标蚊虫的毒力、缩短半致死时间。该结果为深入研究Mtx1和Cyt1Aa的杀蚊作用方式奠定了基础,同时为其在蚊虫防治中的应用提供了新的思路和方法。     

Comparative study of calixarene effect on Mg2+ -dependent ATP-hydrolase enzymatic systems from smooth muscle cells of the uterus

Investigation the influence of calyx[4]arenes C-90, C-91, C-97 and C-99 (codes are indicated) on the enzymatic activity of four functionally different Mg2+ -dependent ATPases from smooth muscle of the uterus: actomyosin ATPase, transporting Ca2+, Mg2+ -ATPase, ouabain-sensible Na+, K+ -ATPase and basal Mg2+ -ATPase. It was shown that calixarenes C-90 and C-91 in concentration 100 microM act multidirectionally on the functionally different Mg2+ -dependent ATP-hydrolase enzymatic systems. These compounds activate effectively the actomyosin ATPase (Ka = 52 +/- 11 microM [Ukrainian character: see text] 8 +/- 2 microM, accordingly), at the same time calixarene C-90 inhibited effectively activity of transporting Ca2+, Mg2+ -ATPase of plasmatic membranes (I(0,5) = 34.6 +/- 6.4 microM), but influence on membrane-bound Na+, K+ -ATPase and basal Mg2+ -ATPase. Calixarene C-91 reduce effectively basal Mg2+ -ATPase activity, insignificantly activating Na+, K+ -ATPase but has no influence on transporting Ca2+, Mg2+ -ATPase activity of plasmatic membranes. Calixarenes C-97 and C-99 (100 microM), which have similar structure, have monodirectional influence on activity of three functionally different Mg2+-dependent ATPases of the myometrium: actomyosin ATPase and two ATPases, that related to the ATP-hydrolases of P-type--Ca2+, Mg2+ -ATPase and Na+, K+ -ATPase of plasmatic membranes. Basal Mg2+ -ATPase is resistant to the action of these two connections. Results of comparative experiments that were obtained by catalytic titration of calixarenes C-97 and C-99 by actomyosin ATPase (I(0,5) = 88 +/- 9 and 86 +/- 8 microM accordingly) and Na+, K+ -ATPase from plasmatic membranes (I(0,5) = 33 +/- 4 and 98 +/- 8 nM accordingly) indicate to the considerably more sensitiveness of Na+, K+ -ATP-ase to these calixarenes than ATPase of contractile proteins. Thus, it is shown that calixarenes have influence on activity of a number of important enzymes, involved in functioning of the smooth muscle of the uterus and related to energy-supplies of the process of the muscle contracting and support of intracellular ionic homeostasis. The obtained results can be useful in further researches, directed at the use of calixarenes as pharmaceutical substance, able to normalize the contractile function of the uterus at some pregnancy pathologies in women's.     

中国明对虾大颚器的组织学及孕酮和雌二醇的检测

LeRoux于1968年首次描述了甲壳动物十足类的大颚器,并认为它与Y-器官是两个不同的腺体,Byard等在研究了美洲龙螯虾（Homarus americnus）大颚器的超微结构后指出,甲壳动物大颚器是类似于昆虫咽侧体的内分泌器官。Hinsch研究了蜘蛛蟹（Libinia emarginata）大颚器的结构和功能,指出该器官与甲壳动物的蜕皮和生殖均有密切联系。     

A critical function for the actin cytoskeleton in targeted exocytosis of prefusion vesicles during myoblast fusion

Myoblast fusion is an essential step during muscle differentiation. Previous studies in Drosophila have revealed a signaling pathway that relays the fusion signal from the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton. However, the function for the actin cytoskeleton in myoblast fusion remains unclear. Here we describe the characterization of solitary (sltr), a component of the myoblast fusion signaling cascade. sltr encodes the Drosophila ortholog of the mammalian WASP-interacting protein. Sltr is recruited to sites of fusion by the fusion-competent cell-specific receptor Sns and acts as a positive regulator for actin polymerization at these sites. Electron microscopy analysis suggests that formation of F-actin-enriched foci at sites of fusion is involved in the proper targeting and coating of prefusion vesicles. These studies reveal a surprising cell-type specificity of Sltr-mediated actin polymerization in myoblast fusion, and demonstrate that targeted exocytosis of prefusion vesicles is a critical step prior to plasma membrane fusion.     

增强子调控癌症发生发展的机制研究

增强子是一段具有转录调控功能的DNA序列,主要通过顺式调控方式发挥作用。由于增强子及其调控基因在位置和距离上的不确定性,大大增加了研究增强子作用机制的复杂性和困难性。越来越多的证据表明,增强子与癌症等疾病的发生发展密切相关,因此开展癌症相关增强子的研究,将有助于全面解析癌症发病机制,并推动抗肿瘤药物的高效研发,具有重要的社会意义和经济价值。目前对于增强子的鉴定不充分,增强子在癌症和其他疾病中的发生发展调控机制尚未得到完整的解析。本文主要对增强子和超级增强子及其特性进行介绍,并在全基因组水平上对增强子的预测和鉴定进行了描述,最后总结了近年来增强子在癌症等疾病发生过程中所发挥的调控作用,从而为未来解析增强子调控机制以及癌症的诊断和治疗提供参考。