The Comparative and Functional Study between Two Construction Methods of shRNA Expression Vector Targeted LMP1 Gene Encoded by EBV

To look for a more stable and convenient way of constructing short hairpin RNA expression vectors targeting the latent membrane protein-1(LMP-1)encoded by Epstein-Barr virus(pshLMP1),and to study the inhibition function of pshLMP1 expression vectors in HNE1 cells,we designed the pshLMP1 expression cassette and pshLMP1 expression vectors by both the annealing method and PCR method and then co-transfected with pEGFP-N1-1158 into HNE1 cells to observe the mRNA and protein levels of LMP-1 genes by green fluorescence analysis,RT-PCR and western blot.pshLMP1 expression vectors were successfully obtained by both methods but better cloning efficiency was achieved and fewer deletions and mutations of nucleotides were achieved with the PCR method.Furthermore,the mRNA and protein levels of LMP-1 genes were down-regulated by pshLMP1 expression vectors.According to our research,we found that the PCR method provides a more efficient way to construct pshLMP1 expression vectors which have the ability to inhibit the function of LMP-1 genes expressed in HNE1 cells,and also provides a novel application of RNA interference technology against-EBV.     

节节麦5D染色体上随体多态性的一个证据

5D染色体是节节麦整个染色体组中唯一的1对随体染色体, 其随体位于5D短臂的末端。对来源于中国的9个不同的节节麦居群的吉姆萨C带分析表明: 同一份节节麦居群内不同植株或不同细胞,这个端部随体在整个有丝分裂前期、中期和间期都很稳定,表现为大小、强弱一致的端部特征带。但是不同节节麦居群间5D染色体上的这个随体C带存在多态性。5D染色体上的随体区域可以作为小麦遗传分析和遗传操作的标记性状。同时本文还对这种多态性与普通小麦 5D染色体短臂上随体的消失的关系作了分析。 Abstract:C-banding analysis of satellites in 9 accessions of Ae.tauschii native to China was carried out with C-banded miotic interphases,prophases and metaphases,The results showed that the c-banded heterochromatin of satellites of Ae.tauschii did not change in size during the whole miotic stage and novariaton was observed among plants and cells within a accession,while polymorphism in c-banded satellites between different accessions was found.The C-banded heterochromatin of satellites of Ae.tauschii can be used as a marker in genetic research and genetic research and genetic manipulation.Further discussion is made on the relation between the polymorphism and the satellie loss in common wheat.     

DNA序列中限制酶切割位点的分布

本文以人类、小鼠、大鼠和病毒基因组中的DNA序列为材料,分析了其中40种II型限制性核酸内切酶识认位点的数量和分布情况。发现人鼠序列中绝大多数酶的切点数量可以通过序列中单核苷酸或双核苷酸的频率来预测,而切点在序列上的分布也是随机的。例外的情况是人鼠序列中酶EcoRII(识认CCWGG)和MnlI(CCTC)的切点显著偏多,而DpnI*(GATC)的切点显著偏少;MnlI的切点倾向于聚集一处。病毒基因组中酶切位点也基本上是随机分布,但基因组间差异很大,跟人鼠序列差别也大,特别是噬菌体T7中有多达17种酶的切点显著偏少。文中讨论了所得结果对构建限制酶切图谱的理论计算以及对限制酶显带机理的意义,特别指出显带过程在酶的切点达到所要求的浓度时,跟酶的识认片段的专一性、酶切位点的数量都没有关系,而取决于染色体不同区段抵抗酶切破坏的能力。     

Improvement, Comparison, and Application of Field Measurement Methods for Grassland Vegetation Fractional Coverage

As one of the important vegetation parameters, vegetation fractional coverage （VFC） is more difficult to measure accurately among a good many parameters of plant communities. The temperate typical steppe in the north of China was chosen for investigation in the present study and a digital camera was used to measure herb community coverage in the field, adopting methods of ocular estimation, gridding measurement, visual interpretation, supervised classification, and information extraction of color spatial transformation to calculate the VFC of images captured by the digital camera. In addition VFC calculated by various methods was analyzed and compared VFC, enabling us to propose an effective method for measuring VFC using a digital camera. The results of the present study indicate that： （i） as two common useful and effective methods of measuring VFC with a digital camera, not only does the error of estimated values of visual estimation and supervised classification vary considerably, but the degree of automatization is very low and depends, to a great extent, on the manipulator; （ii） although the method of visual interpretation may assure the precision of the calculated VFC and enable the precision of results obtained using other methods to be determined, as far as large quantities of data are concerned, this method has the disadvantages of wasting time and energy, and the applications of this method are limited; （iii） the precision and stability of VFC calculated using the grid and node method are superior to those of visual estimation and supervised classification and inferior to those of visual interpretation, but, as for visual interpretation and supervised classification, gridding measurements are difficult to apply in practice because they are not time efficient; and （iv） in terms of the precision of calculation of the VFC, an information-extracting model based on an intensity, hue, saturation （IHS） color space-multi-component series segmentation strategy is superior to methods of ocular estimation, gridding measurement, and supervised classification. In terms of practical efficiency, the information-extracting model is superior to visual interpretation, supervised classification, and gridding measurement. It has been proven that estimating the VFC of the north temperate typical steppe using this model is feasible. This is very fundamental research work in grassland ecology.     

鹌鹑羽色突变品系体重的遗传分析Genetic Analysis of Body Weights of Mutant Line in Feather Colour of Quails

在由4只羽色突变个体形成的白羽鹌鹑品系中,利用次级样本含量不等方差分析方法对528个个体1、2、3、4、5和10周龄的体重资料作了遗传分析,结果表明,遗传效应对各周龄体重都极为显著,孵化批次的效应也显著,而性别效应仅在5和10周龄体重才达到显著水平。各周龄体重的遗传力在0.20—0.28之间,低于一般估计值,表明这一品系相对较窄的遗传基础使性状的遗传变异减少,各周龄体重间的遗传相关在0.774以上,表型相关也较高。     

基于修正的亚像元模型的植被覆盖度估算

植被覆盖度是陆地生态过程模型、气象和气候模型的一项重要参数.通过消除植被类型分类精度以及遥感影像噪声带来的误差,结合实际测量值确定了归一化植被指数(NDVI)的最大值和最小值,修正了亚像元模型,并通过计算北京市植被覆盖度对模型进行了验证. 结果表明: 修正后模型的模拟值与实测值非常接近,尤其是对植被类型一致但密度有不同变化的草本植被, 但对乔木植被覆盖度的估算误差相对较大,这可能与遥感影像分辨率、植被破碎度及采用的混合像元模型有关.     

Diversity in the Content of Some Nutritional Components in Husked Seeds of Three Wild Rice Species and Rice Varieties in Yunnan Province of China

In addition to rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, there are three wild rice species, namely O.rufipogon Griff, O. officinalis Wall and O. granulata Baill, in Yunnan Province, China. Each species has different subtypes and ecological distributions. Yunnan wild rice species are excellent genetic resources for developing new rice cultivars. The nutritional components of the husked seeds of wild rice have not been investigated thus far. Herein, we report on the contents of total protein, starch, amylose, 17 amino acids, and five macro and five trace mineral elements in husked seeds from three wild rice species and six O. sativa cultivars. The mean (± SD) protein content in the husked rice of O. rufipogon, O. officinalis, and O. granulata was (14.5 ± 0.6)%, (16.3 ± 1. 1)%, and (15.3 ± 0.5)%, respectively. O. officinalis Ⅲ originating from Gengma had the highest protein content (19.3%). In contrast, the average protein content of six O. sativa cultivars was only 9.15%. The total content of 17 amino acids of three wild rice species was 30%-50% higher than that of the six cultivars. Tyrosine, lysine, and valine content in the three wild rice species was 34%-209% higher than that of the cultivars. However, the difference in total starch content among different O. sativa varieties or types of wild rice species was very small. The average amylose content of O. rufipogon, O. officinalis,and O. granulata was 12.0%, 9.7%, and 11.3%, respectively, much lower than that of the indica and japonica varieties (14.37%-17.17%) but much higher than that of the glutinous rice cultivars (3.89%). The sulfur, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, and ferrite content in the three wild rice species was 30%-158% higher than that of the six cultivars. The considerable difference in some nutritional components among wild rice species and O. sativa cultivars represents a wide biodiversity of Yunnan Oryza species. Based on the results of the present study, it is predicted that some good genetic traits, especially high protein and ideal amylose content, of Yunnan wild rice species may be useful in improving the nutritional value of rice. This is the first report regarding the amino acid, mineral element, protein and amylose content of husked seeds of some Yunnan wild rice species that have important genetic characteristics for rice quality and nutritional value.     

A New Species of Leptolalax （Anura： Megophryidae） from Southern China

A new species, Leptolalax laui sp. nov. is described based on specimens collected from Hong Kong and Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China. The new species can be distinguished from other known congeners by morphological and molecular data. The new species is characterized by the following characters： 1） small size （adult males SVL 24.8.1 mm-26.7 mm）; 2） near immaculate creamy white chest and belly; 3） broad lateral fringes on toes; 4） head longer or as long as wide; 5） distinct dark brown spots in flank; 6） moderate dermal fringes on fingers; 7） brown or reddish-brown dorsum with fine round scattered tubercles; 8） thin traverse brownish-grey bars on the dorsal surface of tibia and lower arms; 9） longitudinal ridges under toes not interrupted at the articulations.     

婴儿双歧杆菌对花生过敏小鼠模型肠道Th2反应的调节

目的研究婴儿型双歧杆菌对花生过敏小鼠肠道Th2型反应的调节作用。方法通过应用花生蛋白诱导肠道的Th2型反应,建立食物过敏小鼠模型。过敏小鼠灌胃给予婴儿型双歧杆菌（ATCC菌或CGMCC0313-2）或不做处理。然后分离小鼠小肠黏膜CD4＋T细胞或DC,另取肠黏膜组织进行石蜡包埋甲苯胺蓝染色肥大细胞计数,HE染色进行嗜酸细胞和单个核细胞计数,流式细胞检测CD4＋T中Th2（CD4＋IL4＋T）细胞和Treg（CD4＋CD25＋Foxp3＋T）比例,另取CD4＋T进行CFSE标记,与DC共培养4d后流式细胞检测CD4＋T增殖反应,收集细胞培养液ELISA检测IL-4、IL-5和IL—13分泌水平。结果过敏组小鼠Th2型细胞数,CD4＋T细胞增殖反应,IL4、IL-5和IL-13水平,肠黏膜中肥大细胞、嗜酸性细胞和单个核细胞数均明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）,而Treg数目低于对照组（P〈0．01）,婴儿双歧杆菌干预后,婴儿双歧杆菌组Th2型细胞数,IL4、IL-5和IL-13水平,肠黏膜中肥大细胞、嗜酸性细胞和单个核细胞数均明显低于过敏组（P〈0．01）,而Treg数目高于过敏组（P〈0．01）。结论口服婴儿型双歧杆菌可以抑制花生过敏导致的肠道Th2型反应。