Cell analysis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using Sysmex? hematology analyzers XT-4000i and XE-5000: evaluation with CSF controls of the Joint German Society for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (DGKL)

In cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, hematology analyzers (HAs) Sysmex? XT-4000i and XE-5000, equipped with flow cytometry (FCM), were used to count cells and differentiate leukocytes into mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells (MNCs, PMCs) applying body fluid mode. FCM was evaluated with 20 DGKL CSF controls containing viable human leukocytes and erythrocytes. HA values were compared with reference values by Passing/Bablok regression analysis to reveal conformity. Conformity of white blood cells (WBCs) was obtained with native leukocytes, counted in calibrated Fuchs-Rosenthal chamber as reference; red blood cell counts proved inaccurate. CV <40% with WBC counts <20 per μL impairs accuracy. Reference WBC differentiation was assayed using FACS Canto II? and FC-500 SN with anti-CD45, anti-CD14, anti-CD16, anti-CD16/56 [Becton Dickinson (BD); Beckman Coulter (BC)]. BD FACS lysing solution?-no-wash-procedure was applied. BC pretreatment with Versalyse lysing solution was not recommended. MNCs (lymphocytes + monocytes) were significantly lower (～14%) on both HAs; PMCs (granulocytes or sum of neutrophils + eosinophils + basophils: range 1-86 M/L) were significantly higher (～2.2-fold). WBC HA differentiation is not reliable because MNC/PMC differentiation yielded lower and higher values than FACS-FCM references, respectively. This is attributed to incorrect discrimination of leukocytes with rounded/nonrounded nuclei; adding leukocytes with nonrounded nuclei to too low HA MNCs (about 40% not-activated) yielded P/B conformity; subtraction of leukocytes with nonrounded nuclei from elevated HA PMCs showed conformity (about 85% activated). Nucleus/activation state of leukocytes was assessed using microhistology. Sysmex XT-4000i and XE-5000 HAs systems are inappropriate for complete CSF cell analysis.     

Detection and monitoring of normal and leukemic cell populations with hierarchical clustering of flow cytometry data

Flow cytometry is a valuable tool in research and diagnostics including minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring of hematologic malignancies. However, its gradual advancement toward increasing numbers of fluorescent parameters leads to information rich datasets, which are challenging to analyze by standard gating and do not reflect the multidimensionality of the data. We have developed a novel method to analyze complex flow cytometry data, based on hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) but with a new underlying algorithm, using Mahalanobis distance measure. HCA is scalable to analyze complex multiparameter datasets (here demonstrated on up to 12 color flow cytometry and on a 20-parameter synthetic dataset). We have validated this method by comparison with standard gating approaches when performed independently by expert cytometrists. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia blast populations were analyzed in diagnostic and follow-up datasets (n = 123) from three centers. HCA results correlated very well (Passing-Bablok correlation coefficient = 0.992, slope = 1, intercept = -0.01) with standard gating data obtained by the I-BFM FLOW-MRD study group. To further improve the performance in follow-up samples with low MRD levels and to automate MRD detection, we combined HCA with support vector machine (SVM) learning. HCA in combination with SVM provides a novel diagnostic tool that not only allows analysis of increasingly complex flow cytometry data but also is less observer-dependent compared with classical gating and has potential for automation.     

基于短语的数字、时间维汉翻译规则建设

基于规则的方法识别维吾尔文本中的数字、日期、时间等(也称命名实体)短语表达式,将识别之后的维文短语表达式翻译成对应的汉语。本文将研究命名实体的翻译规则并建立规则库,为笔者之后的维汉在线翻译做铺垫。     

资源土壤动物简介

土壤动物的研究是动物学研究的一个重要组成部分。资源土壤动物是指众多的土壤动物中对人类有益的类群及其产物．以及行为等都能直接或间接为人类所利用,产生较高的经济效应。它是一种可再生资源,由于其种类繁多,数量极其丰富,个体数量可达105～107个／g土,生物量可达10^2mg／kg土。所以是一     

短果大蒜芥花蜜腺的发育解剖学研究

短果大蒜芥（Sisymbrium loeselii L.var.brevicarpum Z.X.An)花蜜腺位于雄蕊基部花托上,属十字花科环状花蜜腺类型中的侧棱环四圆环亚型。蜜腺由分泌表皮,产蜜组织和维管束组成。分泌表皮上有变态气孔器,蜜腺中部的气孔器呈舟状分布。产蜜组织中的维管束来自于花托中的维管束分支,属较进化的十字花科花蜜腺的亚型类型。蜜腺原基是在花的各部分原基分化后,由雄蕊基部花托表面区域的2－3层细胞,经反分化形成,环状蜜腺发生发育同步,在蜜腺的发育过程中,蜜腺组织中的液泡和淀粉粒都发生了有规律的变化,其原蜜汁由维管束提供,运转至产蜜组织,最后由变态气孔泌出。     

天山森林生态系统中朽木生地衣植物生态分布的DCA排序

应用DCA排序方法对天山森林生态系统中朽木生地衣植物的分布格局与海拔之间的相关性进行了分析.结果表明,不同海拔高度的不同类型的森林生态系统中分布着不同种类的朽木生地衣植物.分布于海拔800 m的主要地衣种类有脱落网衣(Lecidella elabens Fr., Kgl)、柳茶渍[Lecanora saligna (Schrad.) A. Zahlbr]等.分布于海拔900～1 100 m的有 刺小孢衣[Bryoria confusa (Awas.) Bodo & Hawksw]、叉小孢衣[Bryoria furcellata (Fr.) Bodo & Hawksw]等种类.分布于海拔1 300～1 760 m的有 粗皮石蕊[Cladonia scabriuscula (Del.) Leight.]、亚鳞石蕊[Cladonia subsquamosa (Nyl.) Vain]等种类;分布于海拔1 800～2 300 m的有 黑蜈蚣衣[Phaeophyscia nigricans (Flk.) Moberg]、美丽黑蜈蚣衣[Phaeophyscia rubropulchra (Degel.) Essl.]等种类.     

棉田牧草盲蝽三种种群密度调查方法的比较分析

【目的】寻求科学、准确、有效的棉田牧草盲蝽Lygus pratensis(Linnaeus)发生规律和种群密度的调查方法,为棉田牧草盲蝽的预测预报、防治提供理论依据和指导。【方法】采用整体目测法、局部目测法、扫网法3种方法调查了棉田牧草盲蝽的种群数量并进行比较分析。【结果】(1)对牧草盲蝽种群动态,扫网法相较于整体目测法和局部目测法成虫有两个发生高峰期且发生初期提前1周;整体目测法和局部目测法较扫网法若虫初发期和高峰期均提前1周左右,局部目测法和整体目测法若虫发生趋势基本一致。(2)不同调查方法牧草盲蝽种群密度存在显著性差异,整体目测法获得的若虫及成虫和若虫种群密度均显著高于扫网法和局部目测法;2015年扫网法和整体目测法间的成虫种群密度差异不显著,均显著高于局部目测法,2016年扫网法成虫种群密度显著高于整体目测法。【结论】扫网法能够准确反应牧草盲蝽成虫的发生情况,整体目测法则适合若虫的种群调查,建议实际调查中使用整体目测和扫网相结合的方法,能为该虫预测预报和防治提供准确的依据和指导。     

关于“皮肤”的课题

教学目的:必需利用本课题继续扩大生物是统一整体的具体概念.指出皮肤和其他器官的相互联系,把皮肤当作感觉外界环境影响的器官,并应扩大学生关于神经系统在人体活动中的作用(神经论学说). 皮肤这一章节使学生了解借助自然的因素——日光、空气和水分对锻炼好身体的概念,这知识对巩固学生健康有重大意义,使学生认识到在很多疗养所和儿童夏令营中就是利用日光、空气和水分对人体的良好影响.它将培养苏联学生爱国主义和祖国对青年学生健康无限关怀的自豪感. 教材分配:第一课:皮肤的构造,保护机能和保持体温的作用.     

肉苁蓉总黄酮含量的测定

目的：从肉苁蓉中提取并测定总黄酮含量,选择最佳提取工艺条件。方法：以芦丁为对照品,用分光光度法在最大吸收波长510nm对其含量进行测定。结果：测得样品中总黄酮含量C=9．33％,最佳提取工艺：乙醇浓度为70％、料液比1：40、回流时间2h、回流温度70℃。结论：选用芦丁为对照品应用于紫外分光光度法测定肉苁蓉总黄酮含量准确度较高,方法简单,是切实可行含量测定方法。