桑科中4种桑天牛寄主植物的挥发物成分研究

采用动态顶空和气相色谱-质谱联用技术,对桑天牛的主要桑科寄主桑树、构树、柘树和无花果等4种植物的挥发性物质进行检测,以期找出对桑天牛有引诱作用的行为化学物质.结果表明,4种植物分别鉴定出31种、30种、29种和27种化合物,主要为烯类、酯类、醛类、醇类等.4种寄主植物共有的化合物共11种,分别是叶醇、正辛醇、苯甲醛、壬醛、癸醛、1-辛烯、罗勒烯、乙酸叶醇酯、正十六烷、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚和2,4-二叔丁基苯酚.     

Effect of captopril or verapamil on intracellular sodium in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells

INTR0DUCTIONVascularsmoothmusclecellsp0ssessanumber0fNa transportsystems,namelyNa channels,Na -Ca' ,Na -H exchange,andNa -K -2Cl-c0-transp0rt[1].Hypothesizedr0lesf0rthesesystemsincluderegulati0n0fvasculart0ne,cellvolumeandcellproliferation.Inb0thexperimentalandhumanhypertensi0naberrationsinsm00thmusclecell,univalenti0ntransportsystemplayanimp0rtantroleinthepathogenesisandmaintenanceofhypertensi0n[2].Angiotensinc0nvertingenzyme(ACE)inhibitorsandCa2 antagonistsarewidelyusedforthetreatm…     

Na+ permeation and block of hERG potassium channels

The inactivation gating of hERG channels is important for the channel function and drug-channel interaction. Whereas hERG channels are highly selective for K+, we have found that inactivated hERG channels allow Na+ to permeate in the absence of K+. This provides a new way to directly monitor and investigate hERG inactivation. By using whole cell patch clamp method with an internal solution containing 135 mM Na+ and an external solution containing 135 mM NMG+, we recorded a robust Na+ current through hERG channels expressed in HEK 293 cells. Kinetic analyses of the hERG Na+ and K+ currents indicate that the channel experiences at least two states during the inactivation process, an initial fast, less stable state followed by a slow, more stable state. The Na+ current reflects Na+ ions permeating through the fast inactivated state but not through the slow inactivated state or open state. Thus the hERG Na+ current displayed a slow inactivation as the channels travel from the less stable, fast inactivated state into the more stable, slow inactivated state. Removal of fast inactivation by the S631A mutation abolished the Na+ current. Moreover, acceleration of fast inactivation by mutations T623A, F627Y, and S641A did not affect the hERG Na+ current, but greatly diminished the hERG K+ current. We also found that external Na+ potently blocked the hERG outward Na+ current with an IC50 of 3.5 mM. Mutations in the channel pore and S6 regions, such as S624A, F627Y, and S641A, abolished the inhibitory effects of external Na+ on the hERG Na+ current. Na+ permeation and blockade of hERG channels provide novel ways to extend our understanding of the hERG gating mechanisms.     

Physical characteristics of Chinese Hakka

Using standard and internationally validated methods,86 anthropologic characteristics were determined in 650 male(305 from urban areas and 345 from rural areas) and 704 female(331 from urban areas,373 from rural areas) Chinese Hakka adults living in Guangdong and Jiangxi.The data were used to calculate 24 anthropologic indices,which were analyzed statistically.The physical characteristics of Hakka subjects were analyzed and compared with reference ethnic data.There were four main findings of this study.First,a small proportion of Hakka adults had an eye fold on the upper eyelid,but a large proportion had a mongoloid fold.The eye slits were narrow in most adults,had a medium nasal root height and straight bridges,and most of the external angles were prominent.The nasal base was upturned in most men.The distributions of the three types of nasal base in women were similar.The proportions of subjects with middle and high alae nasi heights were high and similar.Males with a maximum nostril diameter were mostly classified as transverse and oblique,while many women were classified as transverse and had relatively wide alae nasi.The round lobe type was the most common.Upper lip skin height was mostly classified as medium.Lips were classified as thin.The hair was black,eyes were brown,and the skin was yellowish.Second,the head length was long in male Hakka.The minimum frontal breadth,face breadth,lip height,and interocular breadth were similar to those of North-Asian populations.Meanwhile,head breadth,morphological facial height,nose breadth,mouth breadth,and nose height were similar to those of South-Asian populations.Head length was long in female Hakka.The minimum frontal breadth,face breadth,lip height,and interocular breadth were similar to those of North-Asian populations.Head breadth,nose breadth,and mouth breadth were similar to those of South-Asian populations.Third,the stature of male and female Hakka in urban and rural areas was classified as medium.The proportions of male and female Hakka classified as mesocephaly(length-breadth index of the head),hypsicephalic type,metriocephalic type(breadth-height index of the head) mesorrhiny,long trunk,subbrachyskelic type,broad shoulder breadth,and narrow distance between iliac crests were higher than those of other types.Finally,principal component analyses showed that the physical characteristics of Hakka were between those of South-Asian and North-Asian ethnic populations,but were generally closer to those of North-Asian populations in China.