大麦直接游离小孢子培养中的脱分化启动和胚胎发生

采用DNA特异荧光染料,在共聚焦激光扫描显微镜下,对直接游离的大麦小孢子,在预处理过程中的脱分化启动,以及培养过程中的胚胎发生进行了较详尽的细胞学特征的观察,并在主要发育途径上与低温预处理后的小孢子进行了比较.研究结果表明:(1)小孢子的脱分化启动在预处理的12h内就已开始.完成脱分化启动的小孢子在细胞学上的主要特征为:细胞体积明显增大;核与核仁体积也显著增加,核仁极其明显,且高度浓缩,核/质比例高.(2)不同的预处理方法,都是促使离体小孢子完成脱分化启动,从而激发胚胎发生过程.(3)预处理方法可通过改变离体小孢子第1次有丝分裂的方式,而形成不同的主要发育途径.经低温预处理以形成A途径为主,直接游离以形成B途径为主.     

枫泾猪、香猪和长白猪的DNA指纹图分析

本文用M13和3个人源小卫星探针(33.6、 33.15、α-珠蛋白-3’HVR)获得了枫泾猪、香猪及长白猪的DNA指纹图,分析了各品种内和品种间的遗传变异性。结果表明,各品种的平均DNA指纹图相似系数在0.440-0.532的范围内,极显著地高于品种间的相似系数(0.223-0.307)。各品种的DNA指纹图还存在着一些品种特异性图带,这些图带在以后的基因定位中值得重视。 Abstract:This paper demonstrated DNA fingerprints of Fengjing,Xiang and Large White breeds of swine generated by M13 and three human minisatellite probes(33.6,33.15 andα-globin-3’HVR),and determined the intrabreed and interbreed variabilities of swine DNA fingerprints.It was shown that the mean band sharing probability within breeds was 0.440-0.532,significantly higher than that between breeds(0.223-0.307).Some breed-specific bands were noted in each breed,which should draw our attention in the course of gene mapping.     

禾谷类花器官机械游离小孢子培养研究

以大田及温室生长的植株为材料,成功地建立了直接从禾谷类花器官(大麦穗切段、水稻颖花、小麦小穗)机械游离小孢子的程序及培养系统。从供试的二个大麦材料上重复获得大量游离小孢子再生植株,从一个水稻广亲和品种上得到游离小孢子再生植株,以及从三个小麦品种(系)上获得小孢子形成的多细胞结构(MCS)和早期胚状体(ELS)。相对较长时间的低温预处理有利于提高ELS(大麦)及MCS(小麦)的得率,改善培养物的通气状况,以及提早再分化有利绿色植株再生。     

Substance P enhances the proliferation of rat anterior pituitary cells in vitro

The undecapeptide substanceP(SP) was shown to be intimately involved in both the structural and functional aspects of the anterior pituitary.Yet,in addition to its influences on hormonal secretion,SP may well possess more actions in this master gland.The present study was ftherefore aimed to investigate the effect of SP on the proliferation of rat anterior pituitary cells in primary culture,It was found that SP could dose-dependently increase the incorporation of tritiated thymidine(3H-TdR) into cultured anterior pituitary cells.Other mammalian tachykinins such as neurokinin A and neurokinin B had similar effect but to varying degrees.The equipotent analogue of SP,Norleucine^11-SP(Nle^11-SP),also acted likewise.with its action antagonizable by spantide,a SP receptor blocker.To further characterize the nature of cells responsive to the challenge of SP,immunocytochemical staining against S-100 protein and some adenohypophyseal hormones was performed alone or plus autoradiography.The results showed that the percentage of S-100 proteinimmunorective cells was apparently elevated by the addtion of Nle^11-Sp for 48h,which indicates a preferential proliferation of folliculo-stellate cells under the regime .This was confirmed by increases in immunocytochemical or autoradiographical labelling indices of anterior pituitary Substance P and anterior pituitary cell proliferation.Cells treated similarly.Taken together,These results reveal that the trophic action of SP observed previously in other tissues is also present at least in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells.with responding cells being predominantly folliculo-stellate cells as typified by S-100 proteinimmunoreactivity.Therefore,an intra-pituitary trophicaction of SP in vivo could be anticipated.     

甘露醇预处理对大麦雄核发育的影响李文泽等:甘露醇预处理对大麦雄核发育的影响

研究了甘露醇预处理对大麦（Ｈｏｒｄｅｕｍ ｖｕｌｇａｒｅ Ｌ．）雄核发育的影响。结果发现,第一,甘露醇预处理比低温预处理和对照能明显地提高花粉存活频率,三者在接种后第８ 天分别为１９．０％ 、８．４％ 和６．６％ 。第二,甘露醇预处理能提高小孢子的质量,抑制淀粉积累,有利于小孢子分裂发育,使发育进度比低温预处理和对照提早２—３ ｄ,而对照和低温预处理的小孢子都不同程度出现淀粉积累,它对发育不利。第三,甘露醇预处理后小孢子的发育途径主要是Ｂ途径,Ａ途径较少。大多数小孢子的细胞核为二倍体,而低温预处理大多数小孢子的染色体数目较少,为单倍体     

小麦花粉愈伤组织植株体细胞染色体的变异

研究了用花药培养方法诱导出来的小麦花粉愈伤组织和54个当代植株体细胞染色体的变异情况。发现它们大多是混倍体,但根据其染色体基数的不同,大量的花粉小麦是单倍体和纯合二倍体植株。同时,我们还首次获得了用花粉培养诱导的小麦5x植株和典型的混倍体植株在花粉愈伤组织中观察到染色体双着丝化现象。 离体培养和花粉的单倍性容易引起植物体细胞的核内有丝分裂,核融合,多极有丝分裂以及染色体断裂等现象。这些有丝分裂的异常过程,是产生染色体加倍、混倍体以及染色体变异的各种新类型的重要原因。 研究花粉发育时期在花药培养中的作用,改进培养条件和方法,不仅可以提高诱导花粉植株和提高花粉植株自然加倍的频率,同时还可能获得染色体和染色体组发生变异的新类型,为研究染色体工程和染色体组工程开辟新途径。     

有关发酵过程营养剂和代谢产物可靠的在线监控系统的研制 第一部分:系统设计和设备配制

生物工程研究的飞速发展,更加需要发酵系统具有综合性的测定、精良完备的控制。对优化细菌、酵母和哺乳动物细胞的发酵条件,并且获得产物最大量而言,发酵过程的自动控制是至关重要的。为此目的,必须获取有关基质和产物连续的信息,而具有流动注射分析（FIA）功能的在线采样系统为此提供了可能的解决途径和办法。目前,在线采样、FIA和发酵数据处理的计算机控制系统的发展已引起人们的关注。然而,绝大多数商品成套装备操作复杂、适用性差且昂贵,总是无法满足生物工程科学家的需要。此项新的控制技术的开发要求汇集程序设计、电子学…     

原癌基因c-myc、c-H-ras、c-sis在小鼠卵巢和睾丸中的转录表达研究

以地高辛标记c-myc、c-H-ras、c-sis基因作探针,利用组织切片原位杂交的方法,检测了昆明种小鼠5周龄、10周龄和孕期卵巢,以及1天龄、5周龄和10周龄睾丸,初步研究了这3种原癌基因在生殖腺中的转录表达及其可能的功能作用。结果显示:(1)c-myc基因在孕鼠卵巢的个别卵泡的卵泡细胞中有强转录信号,但在3组卵巢的卵母细胞中及3组睾丸切片中均未见杂交信号。(2)c-H-ras基因在孕鼠卵巢黄体中有较强转录表达,但在3组卵巢的卵母细胞中及3组睾丸切片中均无杂交信号,(3)c-sis基因在10周龄睾丸曲细精管的精原细胞层和精母细胞有强转录表达,而在1天龄、5周龄睾丸及3组卵巢切片中均无杂交信号。上述结果表明:c-myc基因可能与精子发生和卵子的发育关系不大,但可能与卵泡的退化有关;c-H-ras基因可能与精子发生和卵子的发育关系也不大,但可能与妊娠黄体的形成有关;c-sis基因可能与卵子的发育无关,但可能与精子的发生密切相关。 Abstract:Using in Site Hybridization on tissue section of ovary from 5 weeks old,10 weeks old and pregnant Kunming mice,and test is from one-day old,5 weeks old,and 10 weeks old Kunming mice,we prelimmaily studied the expression and function of the proto-oncogenes c-myc,c-H-ras and c-sis.The results are as follows:(1)The strong expression of c-myc gene was found in follicular epithelium of some follicles of ovary from pregnant mice,and was not found in the oocytes of three groups of female mice and testes of three groups of male mice.(2)The strong expression of c-H-ras was observed in corpus luteum of ovary of pregnant mice,but it was not observed in any germ cells of all three groups of female mice and male mice.(3)The strong expression of c-sis gene was found in spermatogomia and spermatocytes of mature male mice,but it was not found in any germ cells of one day old and immature male mice and three groups of femala mice.These results showed that there might be no relationships between the expression of c-myc gene and spermatogenesis or oocyteatogenesis,but the expression of c-myc gene probably related to the cells degeneration of follicle;the expression of c-H-ras gene hadn’t a bearning on oogenesis and spermatogenesis,but probably related to the genesis of corpus luteum of corpus luteum of pregnant mice;the expression of c-sis gene there might be no related to the oogenesis and sperm maturation,but probably promoted the division of spermatogonim.     

Preliminarily functional analysis of a cloned novel human gene ADAM29

ADAM is a family of type I integral membrane proteins which are characterized by sharing a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain and involved in many important physiological processes such as fertilization, neurogenesis and inflammatory response. A novel human ADAM gene--ADAM29, which was cloned in our laboratory, is exclusively expressed in human testis and contains a potential fusion domain. A full-length cDNA of ADAM29 was obtained by using multiple-step PCR. Phylogenetic tree of known mammalian ADAMs specifically expressed in testis was reconstructed. Polyclonal antiserum was raised by immunizing the rabbits with sub-peptide of ADAM29 (Leu268-Asp374) as immunogen. The result of immunohistochemical test on human testis showed that ADAM29 is expressed in different stages of spermatogenesis and in interstitial cells. ADAM29 may play a certain role in the signal transduction during the maturation of testis-associated cells.