一种可高效转染的青鳉肌肉细胞系的建立与应用

在哺乳动物细胞系中转基因的效率相对较高而在鱼类细胞系中相对较低, 为了获得鱼类高效转基因细胞系, 我们从模式鱼类青鳉(Oryzias latipes)中分离和构建了肌肉细胞系OLM。该细胞系类似于纤维细胞, 在28℃ DMEM和10%的胚胎牛血清中培养了超过88代。通过染色体分析, 它属于两倍体并含有48条染色体。在脂质体介导下, 报告基因的转染效率可以达到40%, 在测试的其他鱼类细胞中转染效率最高。此外还构建了稳定转染转基因或者非编码RNA的细胞系。OLM细胞对常见的病毒SVCV、GCRV、SGIV等不敏感。综上所述, 研究在青鳉中建立了一种能高效转染的肌肉细胞系, 它适用于鱼类瞬时和稳定的转基因研究。     

半夏药材生品及其炮制品指纹图谱的比较研究

目的:该实验旨在用高效液相色谱法对半夏的生品及其炮制品的指纹图谱进行比较研究,通过半夏指纹图谱主峰的变化寻找半夏炮制前后其主要化学成分的变化。方法:采用75％乙醇(含1％的盐酸)对半夏药材生品及其炮制品进行提取, DiamonsilTM C18(150×4．6 mm,5um)色谱柱,0．1％磷酸溶液—乙腈梯度洗脱,洗脱时间定为50 min,检测波长217 nm,以精氨酸为对照品,对半夏的生品及其炮制品的指纹图谱的主峰数目和峰高进行比较分析。结果:该方法精密度和重复性RSD均小于3％,符合有关规定,半夏炮制后主峰数目发生变化。结论:半夏生品清制和姜制后,75％乙醇(含1％的盐酸)提取液中其所含精氨酸与半夏生品相比均有不同程度的下降,而且指纹图谱的主峰数目也有所变化,说明半夏炮制后其主要化学成分发生变化。     

Protein prenylation and human diseases: a balance of protein farnesylation and geranylgeranylation

The protein prenylation is one of the essential post-translational protein modifications, which extensively exists in the eukaryocyte. It includes protein farnesylation and geranylgeranylation, using farnesyl pyrophosphate(FPP) or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate(GGPP) as the substrate, respectively. The prenylation occurs by covalent addition of these two types of isoprenoids to cysteine residues at or near the carboxyl terminus of the proteins that possess Caa X motif, such as Ras small GTPase family. The attachment of hydrophobic prenyl groups can anchor the proteins to intracellular membranes and trigger downstream cell signaling pathway. Geranylgeranyl biphosphate synthase(GGPPS) catalyzes the synthesis of 20-carbon GGPP from 15-carbon FPP. The abnormal expression of this enzyme will affect the relative content of FPP and GGPP, and thus disrupts the balance between protein farnesylation and geranylgeranylation, which participates into various aspects of cellular physiology and pathology. In this paper, we mainly review the property of this important protein post-translational modification and research progress in its regulation of cigarette smoke induced pulmonary disease, adipocyte insulin sensitivity, the inflammation response of Sertoli cells, the hepatic lipogenesis and the cardiac hypertrophy.     

Effects of cyhalothrin on the transient outward potassium current in central neurons of Helicoverpa armigera

The effects of cyhalothrin on the transient outward potassium current in central neurons of Helicoverpa armigera were studied by using the patch clamp techniques. The results showed that before using cyhalothrin （10.5 mmol/L）, activation potential was approximately -40 mV, after application of the drug, the activation potential shifted roughly 10 mV to the negative potential direction, so channels can be activated more easily. Before and after cyhalothrin application, the change of current amplitude was insignificant. The value of V1/2 and k of activation curves did not change significantly, however, the V1/2 of the inactivation curves changed significantly. Inactivation curves significantly shifted to a negative direction, so that inactivation of the channels was hastened. It is indicated that there may exit a primary way in which cyhalothrin provides neurotoxicity to the nervous system through the regulation of activation potentials and inactivation state of IA channels.     

Characterization of geraniol synthase from the peltate glands of sweet basil

The monoterpene fraction of the lemon-scented sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) cv Sweet Dani consists mostly of citral (a mixture of geranial and neral), with lower levels of geraniol and nerol. These compounds are stored in the peltate glands found on the leaf epidermis. Younger leaves, which have a higher density of such glands, also have a higher content of monoterpenes than older leaves. Geraniol synthase (GES) activity, generating geraniol from geranyl diphosphate, was shown to be localized exclusively or almost exclusively to glands. GES activity resides in a homodimeric protein that was purified to near homogeneity. Basil GES requires Mn2+ as a divalent metal cofactor for activity and produces only geraniol from geranyl diphosphate. Km values of 21 and 51 microM were obtained for geranyl diphosphate and Mn2+, respectively. In the presence of 18O-labeled water, GES catalyzed the formation of 18O-geraniol from geranyl diphosphate, indicating that the reaction mechanism of GES is similar to that of other monoterpene synthases and is different from the action of phosphatases. A GES cDNA was isolated based on analysis of a glandular trichome expressed sequence tag database, and the sequence of the protein encoded by this cDNA shows some similarity to sequences of other terpene synthases. The expression of the GES cDNA in Escherichia coli resulted in a protein with enzymatic activity essentially identical to that of plant-purified GES. RNA gel-blot analysis indicated that GES is expressed in glands but not in leaves of basil cv Sweet Dani, whose glands contain geraniol and citral, and not in glands or leaves of another basil variety that makes other monoterpenes but not geraniol or citral.     

Heart rate variability analysis in general medicine

Autonomic nervous system plays an integral role in homeostasis. Autonomic modulation can frequently be altered in patients with cardiac disorders as well as in patients with other critical illnesses or injuries. Assessment of heart rate variability is based on analysis of consecutive normal R-R intervals and may provide quantitative information on the modulation of cardiac vagal and sympathetic nerve input. The hypothesis that depressed heart rate variability may occur over a broad range of illness and injury, and may inversely correlated with disease severity and outcome has been tested in various clinical settings over the last decade. This article reviews recent literature concerning the potential clinical implications and limitations of heart rate variability assessment in general medicine.