The geographic polymorphisms of Y chromosome at YAP locus among 25 ethnic groups in Yunnan,China

The genetic polymorphisms of Y chromosome at YAP locus in 25 ethnic groups (33 populations) of China were analyzed in a total of 1294 samples. The average YAP+ frequency of the 33 populations was 9.2%, coinciding with published data of Chinese populations. Primi has the highest YAP+ frequency (72.3%), which is also the highest YAP+ among all the eastern Asian populations studied. The YAP+ occurred in 17 populations studied including Tibetan (36.0%), Naxi (37.5% and 25.5%), Zhuang (21.3%), Jingpo (12.5%), Miao (11.8%), Dai (11.4%, 10.0%, 3.3% and 2.0%), Yi (8.0%), Bai of Yunnan (6.7% and 6.0%), Mongol of Inner Mongolia (4.3%), Tujia of Hunan (2.6%), Yao (2.2%) and Nu (1.8%). The other 15 populations are YAP-including Lahu (2 populations), Hani, Achang, Drung, Lisu, Sui, Bouyei, Va, Bulang, Deang, Man and Hui and Mongol of Yunnan and Bai of Hunan. The YAP+ frequencies varied among the different ethnic groups studied, and even different among the same ethnic group living in different geographic locations. Using the genetic information, combined with the knowledge of ethnology, history and archaeology, the origin and prehistoric migrations of the ethnic groups in China, especially in Yunnan Province were discussed.     

德昂族红细胞血型分布的研究

对100名德昂族人的红细胞血型进行了调查。结果表明,ABO系统中r>p>q; MNSs系统中m>n,s>S,Ms>Ns>MS>NS;Rh系统中CCDee表型最常见,CDe单倍型频率较高(0.8250),而cDe频率(0.0352)较低;P系统中P1基因频率为0.1 340。德昂族的红细胞血型分布具有我国南方民族的特点。 Abstract:A total number of 100 unrclated individuals of De’ang ethnic group in Luxi County,Yunnan Province were examined for the distribution of ABO,MNSs,Rh and P blood groups.The gene frequencies were as follows:r=0.6580,p=0.1740,q=0.1680,m=0.6500,n=0.3500,S=0.0200,s=0.9800,MS=0.0200,Ms=0.6300,NS=0,Ns=0.3500,C=0.8250,D=1.0000,E=0.1398,Cde=0.8250,cDE=0,1387,cDe=0.0352,P1=0.1340.At the same time,no MS,MNS,NS,NSs,CCDE and ccDee phenotype were found.These results show that the distribution of these systems in De’ang ethnic group has the characteristics of the nationalities living in South China.     

指甲游离缘的核DNA分型研究

为探讨指甲游离缘核DNA分型的可行性, 采集无关个体指甲游离缘样本10份, 分别以不同消化体系, 采用有机法、Chelex-100法,有机法结合Chelex-100法等3种方法提取指甲游离缘核DNA, AmpFlSTR IdentifierTM试剂盒复合扩增, ABI PRISM 3130自动遗传分析仪检测分析。结果显示：与对照血样比较,有机法结合Chelex-100法提取的样本核DNA均获得满意的STR分型, 有机法提取的样本核DNA可以进行STR分型, 但部分样本图谱峰值不均衡, Chelex-100法提取的样本核DNA不能分型或出现较多等位基因缺失。提示指甲游离缘可以进行成功地核DNA的分型, 有机法和有机法结合Chelex-100法提取的DNA质量都可成功检测, 其中以有机法结合Chelex-100法提取DNA的检测成功率最高。     

中国云南25个少数民族Y染色体DYS287位点的地理多态性

对中国25个少数民族的33个群体共1294份样品进行了Y染色体DYS287 (YAP)位点的遗传多态性分析, 结果为: 普米族YAP + 频率为72.3%, 是至今报道东亚人群中的最高频率; YAP + 频率较高的有藏族(36.0%)、纳西族(37.5%和25.5%)、壮族(21.3%)、景颇族(12.5%)、苗族(11.8%)、傣族(11.4%, 10.0%, 3.3%和2.0%)、彝族(8.0%)、 云南白族(6.7%和6.0%), YAP+频率较低的有内蒙古的蒙古族 (4.3%)、 湖南土家族(2.6%)、瑶族(2.2%)、怒族(1.8%); 没有发现YAP+的云南民族有拉祜族、哈尼族、阿昌族、独龙族、傈僳族、水族、布依族、佤族、布朗族、德昂族、满族、回族、蒙古族以及湖南白族. 33个群体的YAP+平均频率为9.2%, 与已报道中国人群的频率相符. YAP+频率在民族间有较大的差异, 同一民族的不同群体也不相同, 表现出明显的地理分布差异. 结合民族学、历史学和考古学的相关证据, 探讨了中国民族尤其云南各个少数民族现存格局的形成和发展历史.     

中国人群基因频率的主成分分析

对中国人群中38个基因座的130个等位基因的频率进行了主成分分析, 绘制了主成分分布地图和主成分综合地图. 结果显示, 汉族人群的第1主成分分布反映了南方蒙古人种与北方蒙古人种间遗传结构差异的梯度变化, 而其第2主成分分布则反映了蒙古人种与高加索人种间的基因流动. 中国少数民族人群的第1主成分分布与汉族中的第2主成分相似, 而第2主成分分布则与汉族中的第1主成分相似. 当将中国汉族与少数民族的基因频率放在一起分析时, 所得出的主成分分布基本上与少数民族的相似. 中国人群基因频率的第3, 4主成分的分布则可能反映了古代某些地区人口骤增而向外扩展的历史事件. 中国人群基因频率主成分综合地图明显地显示出: 在亚洲的南、北方蒙古人种间有一明显的分界线--长江. 猜测: 如果中国现代人确实起源于非洲, 则南、北方蒙古人种的祖先在进入亚洲以前已经分开, 南方蒙古人种的祖先自非洲或中东沿海岸向东迁徙、扩展、直至东南亚, 然后折向北, 至华南, 再直至长江, 甚至可能有一段时间曾占据过长江以北的一些地区. 北方蒙古人种的祖先则在帕米尔以北地区自西向东, 直至东北亚, 再扩展至美洲、日本等地, 同时向南, 直至长江. 在近二三千年内, 北方蒙古人种才不断向长江以南扩展、渗透.     

线粒体DNA多态性揭示丝绸之路上游地区少数民族的基因融合

河西走廊位于中国古丝绸之路的上游地区,是连接东亚和中亚地区的主要通道．为了在遗传背景上评价该地区的基因融合,研究了该地区5个少数民族人群的线粒体DNA多态性,采用测序和PCR－限制性内切酶片段长度多态分析方法对采自河西走廊地区的三个人群和邻近的新疆两个人群总共242个无关个体进行单倍型分型,并且把得到的数据同以前报道的东亚、中亚、西亚以及欧洲人群数据进行比较．结果发现欧洲特异单倍型和东亚特异单倍型同时存在于河西走廊地区人群中,从而揭示了从欧洲经中亚向河西走廊的基因流动．河西走廊地区人群在遗传上分布于中亚和东亚人群之间,这意味着中亚和东亚人群对该地区的母系遗传结构做出了重要贡献,本研究更加完整地展示了沿着丝绸之路地区从欧洲经中亚到丝绸之路上游的河西走廊的基因流动和基因融合事件。     

Genetic distances between Chinese populations calculated on gene frequencies of 38 loci

Genetic distances were calculated for Han subpopulations in different provinces, cities and au-tonomous regions and ethnic minorities in China by using gene frequency data of 38 loci, and genetic trees were con-structed. The results showed that, among both Han and ethnic minorities, there were two types, i.e. southern and northern Mongoloids, with Yangtze River as boundary. Therefore, both African origin theory and local origin theory about the modern man should answer the question; when did these two types separate and how did they develop. This paper also conclusively proved genetically that the Han subpopulations in different regions are genetically close to the lo-cal ethnic minorities, which indicates that much blood of ethnic minorities has mixed into Han, at the same time, some blood of Han also has mixed into the local ethnic minorities.     

鸡胚发育中染色体长度的变化及螺旋结构

对孵育3-72小时家鸡胚胎染色体长度及螺旋结构进行了比较研究,同时还考察了染色体DNA含量的变化。结果表明：(1)家鸡染色体的最高一级结构是螺旋结构。(2）随胚胎发育的进展,染色体绝对长度逐渐缩短。(3）伴随染色体的缩短,其螺旋数目亦相应地减少,而螺旋直径却有一定程度增加。(4）每个中期板的染色体DNA含量并不随发育进展而变化。本文还讨论了发育中染色体缩短与螺旋结构间的相互关系。     

云南5个民族耵聍的遗传学研究

耵聍谷称“耳垢”、“耳屎”等，是由于人的外耳道软骨部皮肤上的耵聍的分泌物所形成，在人类乳儿期已能被观察到，其性质终生不变。人的耵聍有干型和湿型两种，耵聍潮湿、粘稠，且呈暗黄色油状的为湿型，也称为“油耳”。耵聍干燥、毛屑状，一般呈灰白色者，为干型，俗称...