闽,粤,海南地区的斯氏线虫科及异小杆线虫科分布调查

本文是对闽、粤、海南等地区27个县(市)昆虫病原线虫分布的调查结果。从1983至1987年共采集土壤样品600多个,从中分离出昆虫病原线虫39号,全部鉴定到属,少数鉴定到种。结果表明,闽、粤、海南均有斯氏线虫科及异小杆线虫科分布,该两科线虫的发现率,沿海20公里内的花生地,番薯地较高,砂土,砂壤土较高。     

冷处理金黄仓鼠卵和四种不同培养液对人精子染色体制备的影响

本文研究了冷处理金黄仓鼠卵与4种不同培养液对人精子单倍染色体制备的影响。冷处理组与未经冷处理组的穿透率与染色体出现率经X~2处理、P<0.001,表明通过冷处理可适当延长卵的制备时间,减轻卵的老化。4种不同培养液的染色体出现率与分散好的染色体率对比结果经X~2处理,P>0.1,表明无统计学差异,作者认为四种不同培养液均可用于该实验中,但首先选用F_(10)、卵培养液和改良BWW液。     

Mobilization of the gypsy and copia retrotransposons in Drosophila melanogaster induces reversion of the ovo dominant female-sterile mutations: molecular analysis of revertant alleles

The ovo locus is required for the maintenance of the female germ line in Drosophila melanogaster. In the absence of an ovo⁺ gene, males are completely normal but females have no germ-line stem cells. Three dominant mutations at the ovo locus, called ovo^D, were observed to revert towards recessive alleles at high frequency when ovo^D males were crossed to females of the strain y v f mal. We have found that this strain contains an inordinately high number of gypsy transposable elements, and crossing it with the ovo^D strains results in the mobilization of both gypsy and copia, with high-frequency insertions into the ovo locus: of 16 revertants examined 12 have gypsy and four have copia inserted at 4E, the ovo cytological site. Using gypsy DNA as a tag we have cloned 32 kb of wild-type DNA sequences surrounding a gypsy insertion and characterized molecular rearrangements in several independent revertants: in 10 of them gypsy appears to be inserted into the same site. The orientation of gypsy is strictly correlated with whether the neighbouring lozenge-like mutation appears in the revertants. A distal limit of the ovo locus was molecularly determined from the breakpoint of a deletion affecting closely flanking regions.     

Both wound-inducible and tuber-specific expression are mediated by the promoter of a single member of the potato proteinase inhibitor II gene family

A chimeric gene consisting of 1.3 kb of the 5' regulatory region of a member of the potato proteinase inhibitor II gene family, the coding region of the bacterial β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene and 260 bp of the proteinase inhibitor II 3'-untranslated region containing the poly(A) addition site was introduced into potato and tobacco by Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation. Analysis of transgenic plants demonstrates systemic, wound-inducible expression of this gene in stem and leaves of potato and tobacco. Constitutive expression was found in stolons and tubers of non-wounded potato plants. Histochemical experiments based on the enzymatic activity of the GUS protein indicate an association of the proteinase inhibitor II promoter activity with vascular tissue in wounded as well as in systemically induced non-wounded leaves, petioles, potato stems and in developing tubers. These data prove that one single member of the proteinase inhibitor II gene family contains cis-active elements, which are able to respond to both developmental and environmental signals. Furthermore they support the hypothesis of an inducing signal (previously called proteinase inhibitor inducing factor), which is released at the wound site and subsequently transported to non-wounded parts of the plant via the vascular system from where it is released to the surrounding tissue.     

Both developmental and metabolic signals activate the promoter of a class I patatin gene

Patatin is one of the major soluble proteins in potato tubers and is encoded by a multigene family. Based on structural considerations two classes of patatin genes are distinguished. The 5′-upstream regulatory region of a class I gene contained within a 1.5 kb sequence is essential and sufficient to direct a high level of tuber-specific gene activity which was on average 100- to 1000-fold higher in tubers as compared to leaf, stem and roots in greenhouse grown transgenic potato plants when fused to the β-glucuronidase reporter gene. Histochemical analysis revealed this activity to be present in parenchymatic tissue but not in the peripheral phellem cells of transgenic tubers. Furthermore the promoter fragment can be activated in leaves under conditions that simulate the need for the accumulation of starch in storage organs, i.e. high levels of sucrose. The expression is restricted to both mesophyll and epidermal cells in contrast to vascular tissue or hair cells.     

《生物化学》课播讲前致学员的公开信

同学们好! 中国电视师范学院生物专业生物化学课将于今年9月1日播讲。为了有利于大家学好这门课,在开播前讲几点意见,供大家参考。本课使用的教材是钟洪枢、关基石主编的《生物化学》一书。计划讲授60学时。鉴于大家已经学过有机化学,所以第一章“糖类化学”、第二章“脂类化学”就不在课上介绍了。讲授中,对教科书的内容将会做某些增删,希望同学们在课后认真阅读教材。《生物化学》是一门实验性科学,生物化学实验是生物化学课的重要内容。由于条件所限,同学们不一定都有机会学习生化实验,故在课堂讲授中所安排的演示实验,希望大家能在听讲的同时,注意观察实验现象和学习了解有关实验技术,以便加深对课程内     

涡虫双头双尾的再生实验

实验步骤 1.将活涡虫移入到培养皿中,并加少量清洁的培养液。 2.用锋利的手术刀(也可用刮脸双面刀片代替)在解剖镜下(若无解剖镜也可用肉眼)对涡虫进行切割。将切下的残片移入到其他培养皿中(一个培养皿中只放一个残片)。 3.在培养皿中加入足量的培养液,加盖防止水分蒸发干。 4.将培养皿放于15℃左右的阴暗处保存,每隔2     

“叶”的一章教学应注意的问题

植物在生活过程中所需的有机养料,都是通过光合作用制造的,这是绿叶的主要生理功能。此外,叶还具有进行呼吸作用和蒸腾作用的生理功能。研究绿叶的生理功能是本章教学的中心问题,完成好本章的教学任务,我们认为应注意以下几个问题: