桂西北典型喀斯特区生态服务价值的环境响应及其空间尺度特征

Study on ecosystem service values (ESVs) is the bridge of understanding ecosystem and economic decision-making. To investigate the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales is an urgent work in the process of ecological restoration and sustainable development in southwest China. Based on the previous research results, the remote images, and weather data of 31 years (1975-2005), the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales in a typical karst area of northwest Guangxi, China were evaluated with the method of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) in this paper. The results showed that ESVs had obvious variations with changes in elevation, rocky types and soil types, and had corresponding characteristics of spatial scales. The ESVs in middle and low elevation areas were higher, but they decreased due to human activities such as deforestation. The ESVs in peak-cluster depression areas were lower, and they would increase as influenced by policies such as returning farmland to forestland. The ESVs were influenced by rocky types, showing lower values but an increasing trend in the typical karst regions while higher values but a decreasing trend in non-karst regions. The average ESVs in the west part of the study region, which is not only the main nature reserve for rare wildlife species in Guangxi, but also one of the best preserved natural vegetation regions in China, were more than 15,000 RMB Yuan ha-1,. Comparatively, the ESVs were less than 10,000 Yuan ha-1 in the middle part of the region attributed to low vegetation coverage, serious peak-cluster depression and karst rocky desertification. After about 20 years, that is from 1985 to 2005, the ecosystem conditions had been improved and the ESVs had increased in the middle and eastern part of this study region. On the contrary, in most western part, which was dominated by subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, they had been worsened, and the balance values of ESVs were negative. As for the relationships of ESVs with rocky types and soil types, lime soil and red soil were the two main soil types that contributed to ESVs (The total contribution was above 60%, and it is 63.77%,64.37%,64.56%,64.91% respectively in the four years of 1985, 1990, 2000 and 2005.). The variance contribution of intrinsic mode function (IMF) and trend (R) showed that there were obvious special sales for ESVs in this study area, and the main spatial scales were about 2.7 km, 5.5 km, and 11.6 km. The variance contribution ratio was 12.29%, 11.26%, 11.49% respectively, and the trend (R) was high (17.74%). In conclusion, this study indicated that ecosystem conditions in the typical karst area were improved owing to the application of rocky desertification control policies, such as ecological migration and returning farmland to forestland. Besides, the main spatial scales of ESVs in the study area were the interactions of terrain, physiognomy, land use / land cover and human activities.     

产超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌耐药性基因型分析

检测我院产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性和基因型。表型确定临床分离产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌56株,应用PCR基因扩增技术及双脱氧DNA测序方法,分别对TEM、SHV、CTX-M-1、CTX-M-2和CTX-M-9编码基因进行分析。产酶菌株对亚胺培南、美洛培南、阿米卡星、头孢吡肟耐药性较低,对其他16种抗生素耐药性较高。在56株菌株中有50株为CTX-M型,占89%,34株为TEM型(60.7%),20株SHV型(35.7%);其中CTX-M-9型共计39株占78%,CTX-M-1型19株占38%,CTX-M-2型16株占32%。产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性值得关注,主要临床流行基因型是CTX-M型。     

UNC-10在致密核心囊泡分泌过程中的作用

Rim是囊泡分泌活性区中的重要组成蛋白,它与细胞分泌和突触可塑性相关．在秀丽隐感线虫中只存在一种编码Rim的基因即unc-10．我们的研究发现,在线虫中Rim的基因突变unc-10(md1117)会导致致密核心囊泡的分泌缺陷．在活体中,unc-10突变虫系的神经多肽分泌显著下降．此外,在主要分泌致密核心囊泡的ALA神经元内,钙光解释放促发的快相分泌也比野生型减少．运用全内反射荧光显微成像技术,我们观察在unc-10缺失的情况下ALA 神经元中致密核心囊泡的锚定过程,结果显示在细胞膜附近停留的囊泡数目减少,表明囊泡锚定受到阻碍．上述试验结果表明,UNC-10能够影响致密核心囊泡的分泌过程,其机制可能是影响了囊泡的锚定过程．     

灵武长枣果实维管束韧皮部及周围细胞的超微结构特征

为了探讨灵武长枣果实光合同化物韧皮部卸载和运输的途径,该研究采用透射电镜技术,对不同发育时期灵武长枣果实维管束韧皮部及其周围薄壁细胞的超微结构特征进行了分析.结果表明:筛管/伴胞复合体及其周围韧皮薄壁细胞间在果实膨大前期富含胞间连丝,而韧皮薄壁细胞与周围库细胞以及相邻库细胞间几乎不存在胞间连丝,形成共质体隔离;筛管/伴...     

中国正鳃金龟属暨四新种记述(鞘翅目:鳃金龟科)

本文记述中国新纪录正鳃金龟属Malaisius Arrow(1941)及4个新种——云南松正鳃金龟Malaisius pinae,介正鳃金龟M.intermedius,背黑正鳃金龟M.melanodiscus及闽正鳃金龟M.fujianensls。结合4新种之特征,重新描述了本属属征,指出正鳃金龟属与歪鳃金龟属Cyphochilus Waterheuse近缘。     

国内首例皮瘤丝孢酵母真菌血症分离株的表型及rDNA序列鉴定

目的通过对1例“脂膜炎”患者外周血分离株的表型及分子生物学鉴定,报道国内首例皮瘤丝孢酵母菌血症。方法采集患者的血及鼻咽结节组织标本通过真菌培养获得分离株,经沙氏培养基、马铃薯培养基、科玛嘉念珠菌显色培养后形态学观察及API 20C AUX系统鉴定,最后经PCR扩增rDNA基因测序证实。采用CLSI制定的M27-A2微量稀释法对病原菌株进行7种药物的体外药敏试验。结果分离株通过表型和分子生物学鉴定为“皮瘤丝孢酵母”。药敏结果显示菌株对两性霉素B耐药,氟康唑、伏立康唑、伊曲康唑、5-氟胞嘧啶敏感。卡泊芬净的抑菌浓度较低,而米卡芬净的抑菌浓度相对较高。患者因多种并发症死亡。结论皮瘤丝孢酵母引起的真菌血症为我国首例报道。API 20C AUX酵母鉴定系统可作为鉴定皮瘤丝孢酵母快速而简便的方法。通过分子生物学DNA序列检测分析能鉴定皮瘤丝孢酵母。     

应用群分析研究薯蓣的分类

本文是应用群分析研究薯蓣属根状茎组中国分类群分类的一次尝试。分类特征取用了形态学、细胞学、花粉形态和生物化学等多方面的性状进行综合分析;方法和手段上使用了距离系数、相关系数等各种群分析运算方法,并且以综合系数进行评价。不仅取得了与传统分类基本一致的分类结果,为该组植物的系统分类提供富有启发性的参考,同时也为高等植物数量分类研究找到一种最优分类方法一相关系数UPGMA法。     

花卉根部植物线虫调查

从龙岩市２４种常见花卉根际土壤中鉴定出滑刃线虫属,真滑刃线虫属,螺旋线虫属,拟鞘线虫属,根结线虫属,针线虫属,盘旋线虫属,矮化线虫属,垫刃线虫属和剑线虫属共１０属植物寄生线虫,调查结果表明,木本花卉和多年生草本花卉根部线虫群体结构比较复杂,虫口密度较高。     

哀牢山常绿阔叶林水源涵养功能及其在应对西南干旱中的作用

为了解云南哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林在2010年初西南地区特大干旱中是否遭遇水分胁迫,及其水源涵养功能在应对干旱中的作用,测定了该森林土壤和主要树种在2010年旱季的水分状况,并对比研究了原生林和森林经砍伐烧垦后形成的毛蕨菜-玉山竹群丛的土壤持水、凋落物持水、水面蒸发和土壤水分季节动态。结果表明:常绿阔叶林主要树种在2010年初西南特大干旱中并未遭受水分胁迫(最旱月叶片凌晨水势高于-0.4 MPa)。虽然常绿阔叶林土壤含水量和地下水位在最旱月都达到了有观测以来的最低点,但主要根系分布区的土壤水势仍不低于-0.5 MPa,并高于毛蕨菜-玉山竹群丛。森林较好的水分状况和原生常绿阔叶林较好的水源涵养功能有关。常绿阔叶林的土壤总持水量尤其是非毛管持水量要显著大于毛蕨菜-玉山竹群丛,同时也大于云南地区的一些次生林和人工林。常绿阔叶林地表丰富的凋落物通过持水和抑制土壤蒸发也对水源涵养有一定作用。哀牢山常绿阔叶林良好的水源涵养功能,充足的土壤地下水储存弥补了旱季和特大干旱中降水的不足。结果指示原生林在水源涵养中不可替代的作用,以及加强原生林保护在提高区域抗干旱能力中的重要意义。     

不同季节银木叶精油化学成分的研究

用毛细管气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术、毛细管气相色谱双柱保留指数法和双柱标准品叠加法分析了不同季节银木叶精油化学成分。从分离出来的207—250个色谱峰中,初步鉴定出59个成分,被鉴定成分的总量占精油总组成的94.45—98.92%,其主要成分随采油季节不同而有所不同。