产超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌耐药性基因型分析

检测我院产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性和基因型。表型确定临床分离产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌56株,应用PCR基因扩增技术及双脱氧DNA测序方法,分别对TEM、SHV、CTX-M-1、CTX-M-2和CTX-M-9编码基因进行分析。产酶菌株对亚胺培南、美洛培南、阿米卡星、头孢吡肟耐药性较低,对其他16种抗生素耐药性较高。在56株菌株中有50株为CTX-M型,占89%,34株为TEM型(60.7%),20株SHV型(35.7%);其中CTX-M-9型共计39株占78%,CTX-M-1型19株占38%,CTX-M-2型16株占32%。产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性值得关注,主要临床流行基因型是CTX-M型。     

电解水的抑菌活性及对食品加工表面材料的消毒效果

为了考查应用电解水消除细菌污染的可行性,对氧化电解水的杀菌效果及对食品加工表面材料的消毒效果进行了研究。结果表明,含0.1%NaCl的自来水经7min的电解后所获得的氧化电解水,能在2min内将菌液浓度分别为4.20×106CFU/mL,2.18×106CFU/mL,1.44×106CFU/mL,2.10×106CFU/mL,1.94×106CFU/mL的埃希氏大肠杆菌(Escherichia coliO157:H7)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella enteritidis)、单核细胞增生李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)、摩化摩根菌(Morganella morganii)、副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)几乎全部杀死。另外,对食品加工表面接触材料中的地板砖、不锈钢板、瓷砖进行染菌消毒试验结果表明,含0.1%NaCl的电解水同样能将上述浓度的菌液感染到食品表面接触材料后在5min之内几乎全部将其杀死,是一种理想的食品表面材料消毒剂。     

掌叶大黄根茎大黄多糖的贮藏和分布特征

采用组织化学方法和苯酚硫酸比色法研究了大黄多糖在掌叶大黄(Rheum palmatum)根茎中的贮藏分布特征及其含量变化规律。结果表明: 大黄多糖在根茎中呈多位点贮藏, 在根茎的周皮、皮层、次生维管组织的薄壁细胞以及髓内不同程度地贮藏和积累了一定数量的大黄多糖, 次生木质部的木薄壁细胞以及次生韧皮部的韧皮薄壁细胞是大黄多糖的主要贮藏和积累部位; 不同发育时期根茎中大黄多糖含量的变化规律为: 随着植物的生长, 根茎及其各组织中大黄多糖的总含量表现为逐渐增高的趋势, 但在发育的后期略有下降; 与木薄壁细胞相比, 韧皮薄壁细胞贮藏大黄多糖量相对较多, 大黄多糖的贮藏和积累方式为逐渐累积。次生维管组织为大黄多糖贮藏和积累的主要组织。     

多西紫杉醇修饰的人工晶体与眼组织相容性分析

目的：探讨经多西紫杉醇修饰的人工晶体对眼组织相容性的影响。方法：按照随机数字表法将32 只日本大耳兔分为两组： 实验组通过手术植入表面经多西紫杉醇修饰处理后的疏水性人工晶体,对照组植入疏水性人工晶体。比较两组人工晶体亲水角、 术后24 小时光耀斑块计数以及人工晶体周围组织炎症浸润数。结果：实验组的亲水角小于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 实验组光耀斑块计数低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。实验组家兔人工晶体周围组织炎症浸润计数低于对照组,差异有 统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：人工晶体表面经多西紫杉醇修饰后,其亲水性、与眼组织的组织相容性增加,且可缓解光耀斑炎症感 染和降低并发症的发生,有重要的临床参考价值。     

红色诺卡菌固体培养基配方的优化

应用响应面优化设计法优化固体培养基配方,增大红色诺卡菌的固体培养细胞生物量。首先用Plackett-Burman法从现有培养基组分中找到影响红色诺卡菌细胞生物量的关键因素,再通过最陡爬坡法确定细胞生物量最大的配方,用作中心组合设计(Central Composite Design, CCD)实验的基础起始值,拟合数学模型方程,最后找到最优组分的组合。优化的配方转移至企业实施放大实验,对结果进行验证和比较。试验结果表明,培养基各组分中影响红色诺卡菌细胞生物量的关键因素为蛋白胨、NaCl、牛肉膏;最优固体培养基配方:蛋白胨42 g/L、牛肉膏8 g/L、NaCl 1.2 g/L、甘油10 mL/L、Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O 0.3 g/L、琼脂20 g/L。在细胞生物量方面最优固体培养基配方比原配方高104%。响应面优化设计可用于提高红色诺卡菌细胞生物量固体培养基的优化,也为红色诺卡菌培养条件、液体发酵的优化研究提供参考。     

桂西北典型喀斯特区生态服务价值的环境响应及其空间尺度特征

Study on ecosystem service values (ESVs) is the bridge of understanding ecosystem and economic decision-making. To investigate the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales is an urgent work in the process of ecological restoration and sustainable development in southwest China. Based on the previous research results, the remote images, and weather data of 31 years (1975-2005), the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales in a typical karst area of northwest Guangxi, China were evaluated with the method of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) in this paper. The results showed that ESVs had obvious variations with changes in elevation, rocky types and soil types, and had corresponding characteristics of spatial scales. The ESVs in middle and low elevation areas were higher, but they decreased due to human activities such as deforestation. The ESVs in peak-cluster depression areas were lower, and they would increase as influenced by policies such as returning farmland to forestland. The ESVs were influenced by rocky types, showing lower values but an increasing trend in the typical karst regions while higher values but a decreasing trend in non-karst regions. The average ESVs in the west part of the study region, which is not only the main nature reserve for rare wildlife species in Guangxi, but also one of the best preserved natural vegetation regions in China, were more than 15,000 RMB Yuan ha-1,. Comparatively, the ESVs were less than 10,000 Yuan ha-1 in the middle part of the region attributed to low vegetation coverage, serious peak-cluster depression and karst rocky desertification. After about 20 years, that is from 1985 to 2005, the ecosystem conditions had been improved and the ESVs had increased in the middle and eastern part of this study region. On the contrary, in most western part, which was dominated by subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, they had been worsened, and the balance values of ESVs were negative. As for the relationships of ESVs with rocky types and soil types, lime soil and red soil were the two main soil types that contributed to ESVs (The total contribution was above 60%, and it is 63.77%,64.37%,64.56%,64.91% respectively in the four years of 1985, 1990, 2000 and 2005.). The variance contribution of intrinsic mode function (IMF) and trend (R) showed that there were obvious special sales for ESVs in this study area, and the main spatial scales were about 2.7 km, 5.5 km, and 11.6 km. The variance contribution ratio was 12.29%, 11.26%, 11.49% respectively, and the trend (R) was high (17.74%). In conclusion, this study indicated that ecosystem conditions in the typical karst area were improved owing to the application of rocky desertification control policies, such as ecological migration and returning farmland to forestland. Besides, the main spatial scales of ESVs in the study area were the interactions of terrain, physiognomy, land use / land cover and human activities.     

白念珠菌芽管致病性的研究进展

白念珠菌有酵母相及菌丝相两种形态,而在形态转变早期阶段可形成芽管,是该菌由定植菌向致病菌转变的标志。体内外很多因素可影响芽管的形成,对其表面特异抗原的检测仍然是一难题,芽管相关致病基因、蛋白以及致病机制等目前成为研究热点,本文就上述内容作一简单概述。     

Sabin2型脊髓灰质炎病毒适应人胚肺二倍体细胞不同代次病毒滴度与5′端非编码区变异关系

脊髓灰质炎病毒(Poliovirus)是一类无包膜单股正链RNA病毒,基因组长约7．5kb。其5′端非编码区由约742个核苷酸长,主要与病毒RNA复制、蛋白翻译起始、病毒颗粒的装配及病毒的细胞适应减毒及神经毒力密切相关。我们研究发现,脊髓灰质炎病毒(Sabin株)在人胚肺二倍体细胞(KME17)上致细胞病变较猴肾细胞慢,病毒产量亦明显低于恒河猴肾细胞培养,国内外也有类似的报道。     

慢病毒介导的RNAi对大鼠SOCS3基因表达的抑制作用

目的研究慢病毒表达载体介导的RNA于扰（RNAi）对大鼠下丘脑细胞中细胞因子信号转导抑制因子3（SOCSB）的抑制作用。方法根据大鼠SOCS3基因（NM053565）,用Ambion在线软件选择3个靶序列,设计并合成包含各正反义靶序列的互补单链寡核苷酸,与经BamHI和XhoI酶切后的慢病毒载体质粒pRNA-1enti-GFP连接产生pRNA-Lenti-SOCS3-GFP慢病毒重组质粒,与慢病毒包装混合物共转染293T细胞,包装产生慢病毒,收集病毒上清,采取逐孔稀释滴度法测定病毒滴度,然后转染大鼠下丘脑细胞,通过荧光显微镜观察细胞转染情况,利用荧光实时定量PCR方法检测RNAi组（siRNAl,siRNA2,siRNA3）、空白细胞组和阴性序列组（siRNA—Negtive）中SOCS3的表达情况。结果将目的序列成功连接到载体上,并经测序分析证实载体构建成功。系列稀释法检测慢病毒悬液的滴度为1．0×10^10TU／L。荧光实时定量PCR检测显示慢病毒感染大鼠下丘脑细胞后,与空白细胞组相比,3个RNAi组都有不同程度的抑制SOCS3表达,其中siRNAI组的抑制效果最好,可使SOCS3mRNA表达下调达80％。结论构建的pRNA-Lemi-SOCS3-GFP慢病毒载体可有效地抑制大鼠SOCS3的表达,为以SOCS3基因为靶点的相关疾病的基因治疗研究奠定基础。     

Bac-to-Bac系统在杆状病毒功能基因研究上的应用

利用Bac-to-Bac系统,在大肠细菌中复制增殖杆状病毒质粒bacmid,并通过RecA介导法、ET-recombination法在bacmid DNA上缺失或插入功能基因,构建功能基因缺陷型或补回型的杆状病毒质粒.该质粒转染到昆虫细胞中产生重组病毒,进而在细胞甚至虫体水平上研究基因的功能,极大改善了传统上用空斑实验筛选重组病毒的不足.