白腐真菌对稻草秸秆的降解及其有关酶活性的变化

以稻草秸秆加20%棉籽壳为培养基质,接种侧耳Z17、921、1024菌株,在不同生长阶段。测定培养物的主要化学成分和有关酶活的变化。结果表明,从接种到子实体形成,所试菌株培养物的纤维素、木质素等呈持续不断的下降趋势,水份、粗蛋白含量却逐渐升高,基质中漆酶酶活性在菌丝生长初期呈迅速上升趋势,后稍降低,而愈创木酚酶活性在菌丝上长初期及子实体形成时达到高峰,后有所降低或消失。     

甜橙辣椒红／辣椒玉红素合成酶同源基因的克隆（简报）

The complete sequence of orange homologous capsanthin/capsorubin synthase gene is 3788 bp long with a coding sequence of 1512 bp, which encodes a polypeptide of 503 amino acids. The 5' upstream sequence is 1721 bp long and the 3' downstream sequence is 555 bp long. The amino acid sequence of this gene is 78% and 69% identical to the genes from carrot and pepper, respectively. It is also partially homologous to plant neoxanthin synthase, lycopene beta-cyclase and lycopene epsilon cyclase genes. Isolation of the gene provides a framework for elucidation of the mechanisms involved in inability of citrus to produce capsanthin and capsorubin.     

小鼠2—细胞胚胎单个卵裂球体外培养及其发育形成囊胚的玻璃化冷冻保存技术的研究（简报）

The present experiments were designed to study the effects of glucose, EDTA, glutamine on the in vitro development of single blastomeres from 2-cell embryos in mouse, and the efficiency of cryopreservation of blastocysts from single blastomers with different vitrification. Single blastomeres derived from female ICR x male BDF1 2-cell embryos were cultured in mKRB with or without glucose, EDTA and glutamine, respectively. The expanded blastocyst rates were significantly different between in mKRB with glucose and without glucose (34% vs 65%); The blastomeres were cultured in mKRB with EDTA and glutamine but glucose, the expanded blastocyst rate (90%) was significantly higher than other groups. The blastocysts derived from single blastomeres were vitrified in liquid nitrogen after equilibration in GFS40 for 0.5-2 min, the survival rate 24%-51%. The blastocysts were pretreated in mPBS with 10% glycerol for 5 min, followed by exposure to GFS40 at 25 degrees C for 0.5 min, then vitrified in liquid nitrogen(two-step method), the survival rate was 61%. However, the survival rates increased to 64% and 70% when the blastocysts were vitrified(one-step method) ater equilibration in EFS40 at 25 degrees C for 0.5-1 min.     

粘中着斑激酶在TNF—α和环己亚胺协同诱导人肝癌细胞SMMC—7721凋亡中的作用

探讨了粘着斑激酶（focal adhesion kinase,FAK）在TNF－α和环己亚胺协同诱导SMMC－7721细胞凋亡中的作用,利用转染FAK反义质粒来特异性降低SMMC－7721细胞的FAK含量,用Western杂交的方法来检测蛋白激酶B（PKB）的蛋白含量,以及用流式细胞仪的方法来检测细胞的凋亡。研究发现TNF－α本身并不能诱导SMMC－7721细胞发生凋亡,而只有当用环己亚胺和TNF－α协同处理时才发生凋亡。在TNF－α和环己亚胺协同诱导的凋亡过程中,PKB蛋白含量的降低,提示PKB的蛋白水平与凋亡的发生密切相关。当用FAK反义质粒降低SMMC－7721细胞的FAK含量（约降低了60％）后,细胞对TNF－α和环己亚胺协同诱导的凋亡的敏感性在用低剂量TNF－α处理的情况下增加,而在高剂量TNF－α和处理的情况下降低,相应地,在低剂量TNF-α和环己亚胺处理的情况下,FAK反义质粒转染株细胞的PKB含量比对照的PKB含量低;而在高剂量TNF－α和环己亚胺处理的情况下,FAK反义质粒转染株细胞的PKB含量比对照的要高。结果提示,FAK对TNF－α和环己亚胺协同诱导SMMC－7721凋亡的过程有一双相作用,并且该过程可能与PKB有关。     

青海早熟禾属（禾本科）新类群

青海湖早熟禾Poa stenostachya S.L.Lu et X.F.Lu,sp.nov.　　 Fig.1 .Typus:Qinghai(青海 ) ,Tianjun Xian(天峻县 ) ,the south of Sanjiaocheng(三角城 )near Qinghai Lake(青海湖 ) ,between Hudong and Ganzihe(湖东种羊场至甘孜河之间 ) ,on marshy meadow,elevations about3 2 50 m,1 999.7.2 5,Chen Gui-chen etal.(陈桂琛等 ) 2 2 64 A( HWNP) .Species a Poa tibetica R.Brown similis,sed planta robusta,vaginis fere ad basimclausis usque ad1 8mm longis,ligulis3～ 3 .5mm longis,panicula plus minusve laxa,a…     

利用生物信息学技术研究蛋白功能的几种方法

阐明基因的功能是后基因组计划的主要任务。生物信息学为解决这一难题提供了有力手段,生物信息学是用数理和信息学的观点,理论,方法研究生命现象,组织和分析呈指数增长的生物学数据的一门新型学科,本文介绍4种应用生物信息学技术研究蛋白功能的方法。     

杀伤细胞抑制性受体P58分子的结构与功能

P58分子是存在于自然杀伤细胞（NK）和部分T细胞的跨膜受体,属免疫球蛋白（Ig）样杀伤细胞抑制性受体（KIR）家族成员,具有复杂的结构多态性和精细的配体特异性。P58的配体为靶细胞膜上的HLA－C分子,两者结合后启动P58细胞内段的免疫抑制基序（ITIM）中的酷氨酸磷酸化,磷酸化的ITIM可与激活信号传导所必须的含SH2结构的磷酸酶偶联,从而抑制免疫激活信号的细胞内传导,抑制杀伤细胞对靶细胞的杀伤活性。P58介导信号是杀伤细胞区分“异己”和外周免疫耐受形成的重要机制。与造血干细胞移植后的移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）密切相关。     

Foliar modifications induced by inhibition of polar transport of auxin

The effects of auxin polar transport inhibitors,9-hydroxy-fluorene-9-carboxylic acid (HFCA);2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid(TIBA) and trans-cinnamic acid (CA) on leaf pattern formation were investigated with shoots formed from cultured leaf explants of tobacco and cultured pedicel explants of Orychophragmus violaceus,and the seedlings of tobacco and Brassica chinensis,Although the effective concentration varies with the inhibitors used,all of the inhibitors induced the formation of trumpet-shaped and/or fused leaves.The frequency of trumpet-shaped leaf formation was related to the concentration of inhibitors in the medium.Histological observation of tobacco seedlings showed that there was only one main vascular bundle and several minor vascular bundles in normal leaves of the control,but there were several vascular bundles of more or less the same size in the trumpet-shaped leaves of treated ones.These results indicated that auxin polar transport played an important role on bilateral symmetry of leaf growth.