菊芋

菊芋(Helia-nthus tuberosus)俗称洋姜,菊科多年生草本植物,株高2—3米,有块茎。原产北美,我国各地都有零星栽培。菊手的块茎含水分72—87%,粗蛋白1.4—3.4%,粗脂肪0.9—1.7%,粗纤维1.0—3.1%,无氮浸出物7.0—19.4%、灰分1.6—3.4%,还含有钙、磷等。块茎所含菊糖,水解后形成的果糖,用于生产糖果、糕点。块茎可炒食或加工咸     

db—cAMP对转化细胞钙调素基因表达与细胞骨架的影响

We have demonstrated that the distribution of microtubules (MT), microfilaments (MF) and fibronectin (FN) were diminished, while the gene expression of the calmodulin and c-fos enhanced in the transformed C3 H10 T1/2 cells. After treatment with 1 mM db-cAMP for 1 hr. and 2 hrs., there was an early and rapidly reduced in gene expression of calmodulin and c-fos respectively. After db-cAMP treatment for 4-5 days, the number of Capping cells of ConA binding decreased significantly and the cell surface microvilli decreased also. The growth of treated cells was inhibited markedly. By using 4F1 cDNA probe, which is preferentially expressed in G1 phase, we have found that the db-cAMP treated cells were accumulated at G1 phase. Of particular interest is the fact that the distribution of microtubules, microfilaments and fibronectin were recovered after treatment with 1 mM db-cAMP for 6 days. It is suggested that the inhibition of proliferation, alteration of phenotype and recovery of cytoskeleton in transformed cells after treatment with db-cAMP are related to the inhibition of gene expression of calmodulin.     

氨基酸酯水解酶产生菌的筛选及其合成头孢立新的研究

From ten genera and 146 bacterial strains, 22 strains producing alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase were selected. Among them, AS 1.586 and 41-2 were the best. The optimal conditions for synthesis of cephalexin by pseudomonas aeruginosa 1.204 were investigated. The optimal pH and temperature for enzymatic synthesis reaction was pH 6.8 and 25 degrees C, respectively. By using 1% 7-ADCA, 3% PGME and 4% biomass, about 70% of 7-ADCA was converted to cephalexin under the mentioned conditions.     

天山旱獭某些生态的初步调查

我国的啮齿动物占全国兽类(400余种)的三分之一多。高山、草原、荒漠、农田以及城镇都有不同种类栖居。传播疾病,偷盗粮谷和食品,破坏草原,危害森林,咬损衣物以及破坏工业设施,同人类的关系极为密切。为了控制各种鼠害,我刊已刊登过一些鼠类研究的文章。现在党和国家提倡社会主义精神文明,努力提高工农业产量。消灭害鼠,讲究卫生,减少农林牧及工业方面的鼠害损失,是我国动物学工作者的光荣任务。 要进行有效的防治鼠害,必须掌握各种鼠类的生态习性和活动规律,以及适应各种害鼠的有效灭鼠方法;从长远考虑,还要进一步研究和掌握不同种类的数量变动规律和其它种群生态特征,才有可能有计划的长期控制鼠害,但是目前我国这方面的深入研究还不多;另外,生态防鼠,破坏和清除鼠类的栖息环境,断绝食物和水源,合理利用生物资源,也是控制鼠害的重要方面,已引起大家的注意。 为了配合全国的灭鼠活动,我们就编辑部现有的啮齿类方面的文章,集中了一些在本期登出,一则供有关方面参考,同时借以推动有关方面进一步深入研究啮齿类的生态学以及有效的防治方法,特别应注意农林牧业和城镇现情况下的鼠类数量变动规律,力争防患于未然。     

中国野姬蜂属新种记述Ⅰ(姬蜂科:犁姬蜂亚科)

野姬蜂属 Yezoceryx Uchida(1928)为犁姬蜂亚科 Acaenitinae中的一个较大的属,已知25种,主要分布在东洋区至澳大利亚区的北部及古北区的东部。其中在我国有记载的种类共19种,即:1.Y.angustus Chiu,2.Y.biumbratus Morley,3.Y.choui Chiu,4.     

油橄榄下胚轴诱导完整植株

油橄榄离体茎培养出根已有报道,但无诱导完整植株的试验结果。我们以油橄榄下胚轴、子叶、胚根、嫩茎、茎尖和叶片等作为外植体进行了试验,除从茎尖诱导发生小植株外(待发表),在下胚轴上也已诱导出完整植株。从甘蓝下胚轴诱导发生小植株已有报道,本文就油橄榄下胚轴诱导完整植株作简要报道。油橄榄(Olea europaea L.)种子经消毒处理后,通过无菌培养得到无菌苗。在幼苗下胚轴伸长到2—3厘米时,在无菌条件下切除茎尖、子叶     

B_9对花生某些生理过程的影响

B_9促进花生叶片加厚,其中以同化组织加厚为主。B_9能显著地提高叶片的叶绿素含量,加快叶片光合速度,每株干物质积累较多。B_9促使嫩叶气孔的分化,增加气孔数目,加强蒸腾作用。 B_9抑制花生主茎和侧枝的生长,处理后半个月内不显著伸长,植株矮壮,株型紧凑,抗倒伏。 B_9改变花生植株光合产物的分配比例,减少地上部(叶和茎)的干重,增加地下部(荚果和根)的干重,加强荚果发育。     

紫胶虫精子形成的研究

紫胶虫[Laccifer lacca (Kerr.)] 属同翅目(Homoptera)胶蚧科(Lacciferidae)。它的分泌物——紫胶,是重要的工业原料。目前,我国南方各省对紫胶虫进行了大量培育和繁殖。为了满足社会主义工业建设对紫胶的需求,开展紫胶虫的遗传育种工作很为重要。遗传育种的一个重要环节就是诱发突变,产生新的品种;其中首先应了解紫胶虫的精子形