大鼠脊髓中的α受体在减压反射和失血性休克中的作用

大鼠脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射α激动剂可乐宁1μg,引起血压降低、心率减慢及腹腔神经节后交感神经干放电抑制。应用α阻断剂酚妥拉明阻断脊髓内源性 NE的作用,可部分抑制血压升高时反射性的心率减慢和交感神经放电抑制反应,使压力感受器反射的敏感性降低。在颈动脉放血造成不可逆性失血性休克的动物,脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射酚妥拉明可使动脉血压有一定程度的回升。以上结果表明,由脊髓α受体调制的心血管抑制效应参与减压反射以及失血性休克的发病机制。     

联合固氮菌Alcaligen faecalislin泌铵突变体离子不选育及鉴定

Ｎ＾＋注入野生型菌株（Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎ ｆａｅｃａｌｉｓ １．４８８），筛选出抗５１．６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ乙二胺的泌铵突变株ＥＭ１１０５，它以ＫＮＯ３为氮源时，培养２１ｈ泌铵量可达到１．１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。研究了该突变株在不同氮源下的培养特性，推断为铵载体缺陷型。     

乐陵金丝小枣

乐陵金丝小枣郭文场杨柏明赵吉成乐陵金丝小枣又名乐陵小枣、乐陵枣，曾作为封建王朝的贡品，现畅销国内和东南亚、日本、美国等地，与肥城佛桃、莱阳茌梨并称为山东省三大名果。山东省德州地区乐陵是金丝小枣的发祥地。以乐陵为中心，南北长约２５０公里的金丝小枣产区，...     

EAAT expression by macrophages and microglia: still more questions than answers

Glutamate is the main excitatory amino acid, but its presence in the extracellular milieu has deleterious consequences. It may induce excitotoxicity and also compete with cystine for the use of the cystine–glutamate exchanger, blocking glutathione neosynthesis and inducing an oxidative stress-induced cell death. Both mechanisms are critical in the brain where up to 20% of total body oxygen consumption occurs. In normal conditions, the astrocytes ensure that extracellular concentration of glutamate is kept in the micromolar range, thanks to their coexpression of high-affinity glutamate transporters (EAATs) and glutamine synthetase (GS). Their protective function is nevertheless sensitive to situations such as oxidative stress or inflammatory processes. On the other hand, macrophages and microglia do not express EAATs and GS in physiological conditions and are the principal effector cells of brain inflammation. Since the late 1990s, a number of studies have now shown that both microglia and macrophages display inducible EAAT and GS expression, but the precise significance of this still remains poorly understood. Brain macrophages and microglia are sister cells but yet display differences. Both are highly sensitive to their microenvironment and can perform a variety of functions that may oppose each other. However, in the very particular environment of the healthy brain, they are maintained in a repressed state. The aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge on brain macrophages and microglial cells activation, in order to help clarify their role in the regulation of glutamate under pathological conditions as well as its outcome.     

蛋白质分子立体化学的自动分析——Ⅲ.原子环境分析

这是关于蛋白质分子立体化学自动分析方法报道的第三篇,介绍自动分析原子环境的方法和应用于胰岛素结构所得到的一些结果。现在建立的程序具有多种功能,可以分别给出分子的全部内环境,单纯极性基团的环境,任一氨基酸的环境,以及任意原子基团的环境,还可以单独给出各氨基酸残基的C~α原子之间的距离,作为结构域辨识的参考。对胰岛素分子的计算结果发现,蛋白质分子存在大量弱相互作用,它们对蛋白质的结构和功能都十分重要。     

一例家族性小头畸形

云南省禄劝县螳螂公社社员梁××,夫妇共生了9个孩子,其中4个患小头畸形,两男两女。最大的患儿为男性,21岁时因病死亡,第二个是女孩,已14岁,第三、四个分别为女孩和男孩,均在两三岁时死去。 小头畸形一般是散发性的,梁家接连出生4个患儿,实属罕见。我们对活着的女患儿进