An alternate method for estimation of cell growth kinetics from batch cultures

An alternative to estimation of cell growth kinetics via continuous culture experiments is proposed in this article. The method employed is based on batch culture experiments with very small inocula (initial cell concentrations being typically less than 5000 cells/mL). Such low initial cell concentrations result in extended exponential cell growth phase during which culture conditions remain unchanged, thereby permitting precise estimation of specific cell growth rates from batch experiments especially for fast-growing microorganisms such as Bacillus species. The effectiveness and utility of this approach are demonstrated via several experiments conducted with a wild-type strain (Bacillus subtilis TN106) and a recombinant strain (B. subtilis TN106[pAT5]). True establishment of exponential growth phase requires insignificant variance of most of the culture conditions during the initial growth phase. Satisfaction of this requirement is demonstrated for microbial systems investigated here. This approach is especially well suited for recombinant microorganisms containing segregationally unstable plasmids, since estimation of growth kinetics of these from continuous cultures is very difficult and highly unreliable due to continual reversion of recombinant ceils to plasmid-free host cells unless some selection pressure is applied at levels sufficient to keep the presence of plasmid-free cells minimal.     

利用植物纤维制备可生物降解食品包装材料的研究进展

食品包装材料主要来源于塑料、金属、纸、玻璃等,其中塑料占25％.由于塑料材料难以降解,塑料废弃物已造成了严重的环境污染.2021年"最严限塑令"开始在全国范围内实施,作为对塑料最具替代潜力的可生物降解材料受到了广泛关注.开发可生物可降解材料能够保护环境、节约资源,符合全球可持续发展战略.植物纤维是一种分布广泛、价格低廉...     

南京农业大学微生物学虚拟仿真实验教学模式的探索

借助虚拟仿真技术构建的虚实结合的虚拟仿真实验,是提高学生实践动手能力的有力补充和有效途径。本文通过对微生物学实验教学现状的分析,探讨南京农业大学微生物学虚拟仿真实验教学模式建设的意义,重点阐述建设思路、建设方案及教学特点。该仿真实验教学体系主要从基础微生物学和应用微生物学两大模块进行构建,同时将本校的污水生物处理技术、食用菌资源调查与利用等科研成果转化为教学资源,以丰富实验教学内容。     

华南三种粉褶蕈模式标本新观察到的特征

<正>Recently,decades of Entoloma specimens deposited in the Herbarium of Microbiology Institute of Guangdong (HMIGD) have been re-examined.Among them,3 types were found to possess some characters     

Fast classification and compositional analysis of cornstover fractions using Fourier transform near-infrared techniques

The objectives of this research were to determine the variation of chemical composition across botanical fractions of cornstover, and to probe the potential of Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) techniques in qualitatively classifying separated cornstover fractions and in quantitatively analyzing chemical compositions of cornstover by developing calibration models to predict chemical compositions of cornstover based on FT-NIR spectra. Large variations of cornstover chemical composition for wide calibration ranges, which is required by a reliable calibration model, were achieved by manually separating the cornstover samples into six botanical fractions, and their chemical compositions were determined by conventional wet chemical analyses, which proved that chemical composition varies significantly among different botanical fractions of cornstover. Different botanic fractions, having total saccharide content in descending order, are husk, sheath, pith, rind, leaf, and node. Based on FT-NIR spectra acquired on the biomass, classification by Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) was employed to conduct qualitative classification of cornstover fractions, and partial least square (PLS) regression was used for quantitative chemical composition analysis. SIMCA was successfully demonstrated in classifying botanical fractions of cornstover. The developed PLS model yielded root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP %w/w) of 0.92, 1.03, 0.17, 0.27, 0.21, 1.12, and 0.57 for glucan, xylan, galactan, arabinan, mannan, lignin, and ash, respectively. The results showed the potential of FT-NIR techniques in combination with multivariate analysis to be utilized by biomass feedstock suppliers, bioethanol manufacturers, and bio-power producers in order to better manage bioenergy feedstocks and enhance bioconversion.     

嘌呤拟似物对豚鼠胃窦环行肌自发性收缩及电活动的影响

为探讨非肾上腺素能非胆碱能神经递质对胃窦环行肌功能的调节作用,在离体胃平滑肌上观察了嘌呤拟似物对胃窦环行肌自发性收缩活动和电活动的影响。电活动用传统的细胞内微电极记录,并和收缩活动同步描记于多道生理记录仪。结果表明,嘌呤能P2Y受体激动剂,三磷酸腺苷(ATP)和2-methylthio ATP(2-MeSATP)均增强胃窦平滑肌的收缩活动,但不影响电活动,而且ATP和2-MeSATP对胃平滑肌收缩活动的增强作用可被嘌呤能P2Y受体阻断剂,reactive blue-2和苏拉明(suramin)所阻断。用100μmol／L α,β-MeATP引起的脱敏感使P2X受体被阻断,ATP增强胃窦平滑肌收缩活动的效应不受影响。嘌呤能P2X受体激动剂,α,β-MeATP明显抑制胃窦环行肌自发性收缩活动,同时使膜电位明显超极化。ATP对胃窦平滑肌的收缩作用不被L型钙通道阻断剂尼卡地平(nicardipine)阻断,但细胞外用无钙液灌流时这种效应则完全被阻断。用前列腺素合成抑制剂消炎痛预先处理20min后,ATP和2-MeSATP仍能增强胃窦平滑肌的自发性收缩活动。以上结果提示：(1)ATP和2-MeSATP通过嘌呤能P2Y受体增强胃窦平滑肌的自发性收缩活动,而α,β-MeATP或β,γ-MeATP通过嘌呤能P2X受体使膜电位超极化,引起胃窦平滑肌的舒张;(2)ATP和2-MeSATP增强胃窦平滑肌自发性收缩活动的效应依赖于细胞外钙,但钙离子进入细胞的途径并不是电压依赖性钙通道;(3)ATP和2-MeSATP增强胃窦平滑肌自发性收缩活动的效应不通过前列腺素介导。     

NMR studies on novel antitumor drug candidates, deoxoartemisinin and carboxypropyldeoxoartemisinin

Artemisinin and its derivatives, which have been known as antimalarial drugs, have also demonstrated their cytotoxicity against tumor cells. It has been proposed that antitumor activity depends on the lipophilicity of functional group on artemisinin derivatives. Solution structures of two artemisinin derivatives as antitumor drug candidates, deoxoartemisinin and carboxypropyldeoxoartemisinin, were determined by NMR spectroscopy to elucidate structure-activity relationship. According to biological assay, antitumor efficiencies are not dependent upon lipophilicity. Instead, these compounds demonstrated their distinctive structural features of boat/chair conformation and capability to interact with receptors, as they have different efficiencies on antitumor activity. Especially, carboxypropyl moiety or carbonyl moiety in artemisinin derivatives influences the conformation and stability of ring structure. Although the detailed mechanism of antitumor activity by artemisinin derivatives has not been addressed, we suggest that antitumor activity is not determined only with lipophilicity and that artemisinin derivatives have specific target proteins in each type of cancer.