巯基物质在消炎痛诱发大鼠胃粘膜损伤中的作用

本工作研究了巯基物质在消炎痛引起大鼠胃粘膜损伤中的可能作用。在胃粘膜损伤发生过程中、胃粘膜内非蛋白及蛋白结合的巯基物质含量均无明显降低。虽然半胱胺灌胃(132或264μmol)或皮下注射(132μmol)后均明显抑制消炎痛溃疡的发生,其抑制率分别为82％,92％和75％,但同样具有巯基的半胱氨酸却无保护作用。半胱胺(132μmol)皮下注射可使消炎痛大鼠胃酸分泌抑制46％,而灌胃则无此作用。两种途径给予的半胱胺均不影响胃壁结合粘液的分泌。这些结果表明,胃粘膜内巯基物质似不参与消炎痛的致溃疡过程。半胱胺在此种模型上虽有强烈的细胞保护作用,但似乎不是由于其分子上所带的巯基所致。因此,巯基物质在消炎痛引起的胃粘膜损伤模型上没有细胞保护作用。     

小蜉属小蜉亚属一新种：蜉蝣目：小蜉科

本文记述小蜉属小蜉亚属 subgenus Ephemerella Walsh 一新种,小蜉亚属种类多,全世界已知有40种左右,广布于北美、苏联、日本等国,但中国尚未发现,因此本文也是小蜉亚属在中国的首次报道。     

嗜热栖热菌HB 8耐热α-葡萄糖苷酶的提纯和性质

嗜热栖热菌HB 8(Thermus thermophilus<.I> H8 8 )的耐热α-葡萄糖苷酶(α-glucosidaseEC．.2.1.20)经硫酸铵分步沉淀、DEAE-纤维素柱层析和垂直板制备凝胶电泳提纯,经盘状凝胶电泳鉴定为单一区带,比活提高17倍。酶作用最适温度80℃,最适pH5．8,分子量67000,等电点Pl为4.5。该酶能够水解对硝基酚α--D-葡萄糖苷(PNPG)、蔗糖和麦芽糖,但不水解纤维二糖、蜜二糖、可溶性淀粉。酶作用于PNPG的米氏常数(Km)为0.4mmol／L,最大反应速度Vmax为0.29umol·nmin-1·mg-1。金属离子Mg2+、Mn2+、Ca2+和Ba2+对酶有激活怍用,Hg2+和Cu2+有强烈抑制作用。酶表现出极好的热稳定性,在90℃保温10小时后,仍保留90％的原始酶活力,在95℃的失活半寿期(t1/2)为108分钟．经蛋白质侧链化学修饰研究表明,羧基和组氨酸残基为其表现话力所必需。     

睾丸间质细胞—研究自体吞噬的一种正常细胞模型

In the present study, we tried to estimate, in a semiquantitative way, the relative frequency of the autophagic activity in various cell types under physiological condition. The results indicated that the highest activity appeared to be in the Leydig cells of rat testes. Autophagosomes were frequently observed in electron microscope photographs of Leydig cells, which provide a good model to study the autophagocytosis in normal cells. The autophagic process in Leydig cells was observed with the electron microscope in preparations treated to show CMPase activity. The mode of formation of autophagosomes in Leydig cells can be divided into three steps. Step 1, flattened membranous elements expand to enclose a small cytoplasmic territory to form pre-autophagosome. Step 2, The double membrane profile of the pre-autophagosome then completely encloses the cytoplasmic territory to form early autophagosome in which structurally normal organelles are contained. Step 3, the transformation of an early autophagosome into a late one is accompanied by the loss of one of the two delimiting membranes, the partial disintegration of the enclosed content and simultaneous acquisition of acid phosphatase activity. The enzymatic reactivity is acquired following a close association with the lysosomes. The late autophagosome then reaches the cell surface and appear to exocytose their residual content.     

小鼠体内脾脏,骨髓及精原细胞姐妹染色单体交换的比较研究

本文对几种化学诱变剂诱发小鼠体内脾脏、骨髓和精原细胞的SCE进行了比较研究,同时分析了几类常见化合物在小鼠脾脏细胞中诱发SCE的活力。结果显示诱变剂在脾脏细胞中诱发SCE比骨髓和精原细胞敏感。几类化合物都能显著地诱发小鼠脾脏SCE的增加,与对照相比差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01),说明利用小鼠脾脏细胞检测环境诱变物是相当灵敏的。     

养殖对虾的纤毛虫病害

纤毛虫原是养殖水体正常的生态种群,关于纤毛虫与对虾(Penaeus)的生态关系,早有过报道。七十年代初,随着对虾养殖业在世界范围内的蓬勃兴起,纤毛虫对养殖对虾的危害才逐渐地引起人们的注意。1973年,美国学者Johnson和Overstreet分别报道在池养的白对虾(Penaeus setiferus)和褐对虾(P. aztecus)体表发现大量聚缩虫(Zoothamnium sp.)附着,指出当溶解氧水平降到3—2.6ppm时,对虾死亡率很高。在这以后,美国著名无脊椎动物病理学家Lightner(1975a,1975b)继续报道他在其他对虾,例如桃红对虾(P. duorarum),蓝对虾(P.stylirostris)等发现的纤毛虫病,并对病理作了初步的分析。