全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1186686篇 |
免费 | 94758篇 |
国内免费 | 97370篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 8357篇 |
2022年 | 9061篇 |
2021年 | 9786篇 |
2020年 | 9141篇 |
2019年 | 11193篇 |
2018年 | 11550篇 |
2017年 | 8023篇 |
2016年 | 9063篇 |
2015年 | 10332篇 |
2014年 | 13672篇 |
2013年 | 12626篇 |
2012年 | 107807篇 |
2011年 | 121695篇 |
2010年 | 29569篇 |
2009年 | 21956篇 |
2008年 | 102113篇 |
2007年 | 106040篇 |
2006年 | 99382篇 |
2005年 | 94545篇 |
2004年 | 91640篇 |
2003年 | 86929篇 |
2002年 | 77161篇 |
2001年 | 62017篇 |
2000年 | 77370篇 |
1999年 | 32674篇 |
1998年 | 7197篇 |
1997年 | 5459篇 |
1996年 | 4656篇 |
1995年 | 4404篇 |
1994年 | 4575篇 |
1993年 | 3783篇 |
1992年 | 4360篇 |
1991年 | 3846篇 |
1990年 | 3776篇 |
1989年 | 4295篇 |
1988年 | 4269篇 |
1987年 | 3922篇 |
1986年 | 3735篇 |
1985年 | 3578篇 |
1983年 | 3393篇 |
1959年 | 3879篇 |
1958年 | 6824篇 |
1957年 | 6798篇 |
1956年 | 6073篇 |
1955年 | 5733篇 |
1954年 | 5439篇 |
1953年 | 5173篇 |
1952年 | 4656篇 |
1951年 | 4278篇 |
1950年 | 3511篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
901.
Aluminum is a major constituent of most soils and limits crop productivity in many regions. Amelioration is of theoretical as well as practical interest because understanding amelioration may contribute to an understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. In the experiments reported here 2-day-old wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Tyler) seedlings with 15-millimeter roots were transferred to solutions containing 0.4 millimolar CaCl2 at pH 4.3 variously supplemented with AlCl3 and additional amounts of a chloride salt. Root lengths, measured after 2 days in the test solutions, were a function of both Al activity and the cation activity of the added salt. Percent inhibition = 100 {Al3+}/({Al3+} + Km + α{C}β) where {Al3+} is the activity of Al3+ expressed in micromolar, {C} is the activity of the added cation expressed in millimolar, and Km (= 1.2 micromolar) is the {Al3+} required for 50% inhibition in the absence of added salt. For Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+ the values of α were 2.4, 1.6, and 0.011, respectively, and the values for β were 1.5, 1.5, and 1.8, respectively. With regard to relative ameliorative effectiveness, Ca2+ > Mg2+ ≈ Sr2+ K+ ≈ Na+. Other cations were tested, but La3+, Sc3+, Li+, Rb+, and Cs+ were toxic at potentially ameliorative levels. The salt amelioration is not solely attributable to reductions in {Al3+} caused by increases in ionic strength. Competition between the cation and Al for external binding sites may account for most of the amelioration. 相似文献
902.
Glutamine Synthetase Isoenzymes in the Green Soil Alga Stichococcus bacillaris Naeg 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
Two forms of glutamine synthetase (GS1 and GS2) have been separated from cells of Stichococcus bacillaris by fast protein liquid chromatography. The activities of the two isoenzymes were influenced by the composition of the media employed; thiol reagents were essential for stabilizing GS2 but they suppressed GS1 activity. The activity of each isoenzyme was, therefore, determined following separate purification procedures. Growth conditions influenced both isoenzymes; GS2 showed maximum activity under photoautotrophic conditions, whereas GS1 showed maximum activity under heterotrophic conditions. 相似文献
903.
The chitinivorous ciliate Ascophrys, an ectosymbiont of the shrimp Palaemon serratus, is enclosed by a thick cyst wall except for a ventral hiatus exposing a circular area of exoskeleton to the interior of the cyst. The exoskeleton underlying the cyst wall remains intact, but the circular area of exoskeleton is dissolved enzymatically and ingested. The feeding ciliate forms a cavity in the exoskeleton into which it sinks. Its complex oral apparatus resembles a pump encircled by cytoplasm containing Golgi and high concentrations of coated vesicles that join pellicular pores between cilia. The ingestive apparatus is formed of microtubular lamellae that originate in the midplane of the body, descend toward a coated membrane on the surface, and ascend again as a lamellar lining to a complex food tube that ends in the middle of the body surrounded by food vacuoles. The cytoplasm enclosed between the descending lamellae and the food tube is crowded with membrane organelles that recycle as food vacuole membranes at the coated membrane. We hypothesize that vacuoles containing dissolved exoskeleton are drawn up into the oral tube and are released into the cytoplasm at the terminus of the tube, where their contents are concentrated and excess vacuolar membrane collapsed into membrane organelles. 相似文献
904.
The present study describes the morphological characteristics which determine the structural polarity of the principal and ciliated cells in the primary ureter epithelium of Helix aspersa. These characteristics are analysed on the basis of the function performed by both cell types. The presence of paniculate glycogen and the location of glycoconjugates associated with cell membranes of the epithelial cells is revealed by the method of Thiéry. 相似文献
905.
The polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana was discovered near the hydrothermal vents, recently explored in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. This worm is protected by a cuticle deeply transformed over certain areas of the body and some changes are due to the presence of a very special bacterial flora. The present work however deals mainly with the supercoiled collagen fibrils, which are well visualized in thin sections observed by transmission electron microscopy. This character strongly differentiates this species from other annelids and worms in general, the cuticle of which includes straight and apparently non-coiled collagen fibrils. This indicates that fibrils are extensible in Alvinella, possibly under physiological conditions, and that internal pressure and local volume variations are regulated according to principles which depart from what is recognized in other worms, where cuticular fibrils are considered as inextensible. Possible models of this cuticle are discussed and particularly aspects which show a relationship with certain liquid crystals. Very different factors may be involved in morphogenesis of such cuticles: microvilli distribution, self-assembly of collagen fibrils, mechanical constraints. An appendix recalls some classical data on worm cuticle geometry and presents an estimate of volume variations resulting from coiling of fibrils. 相似文献
906.
金铁锁的一个新三萜成分 总被引:20,自引:1,他引:19
金铁锁(Psammosilene tunicoides W.C.Wu et C.Y.Wu)系石竹科金铁锁属单一种植物,产于我国西南部。该植物为传统中药,具止血、止痛、活血等多种功效。其根部富含皂甙成分,有镇痛、抗炎和抑菌等生理活性。我们曾报道了将其根中提取的粗皂甙酸性水解后,分离到的六个齐墩果酸型三萜皂甙元。本文报道从中分离到的另一新三萜成分:3-hydroxy-12,14-diene-27-nordeane-28-nic acid。 相似文献
907.
臭参中挥发性臭味的化学成分 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
臭参(Codonopsis sp.)俗称臭药、云南参、臭党参等,系桔梗科党参属云南特有植物种,种名待分类学家鉴定。其根具有特殊臭味,民间作为廉价滋补佳品,和肉、蛋一起煮食,具有补中益气,生津之功效。同属许多植物如党参(C.pilosula Nannf)、川党参(C.tangshan Oliv.)等的根,均为著名中药,但都没有臭参那种臭味。该植物的化学成分未见报道。为了解臭参植物的药用价值以及同党参、川党参等的相互关系,我们首先对臭参的挥发性臭味化学成分作了气相色谱-质谱法分析,现将结果简要报告如下。 相似文献
908.
909.
重楼属植物甾体皂甙的高效液相色谱分析 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
应用高效液相层析技术,对重楼属十八个种植物的甾体皂甙进行了定性、定量分析。植物用甲醇提取,抽出物经DIAION柱,以90%甲醇洗出总甙。在HPLC上,用ODS柱先将总甙以用醇:水(9:1)洗脱分为三馏段,每馏再在ODS柱或Rp-8柱上以甲醇:水(8:2;7:3.5)洗脱,使各个皂甙成分完全分离。被分离的每个色谱峰与已知重楼皂甙的保留时间进行比较并配合HPLC的加入法,TLC分析及用HPLC制备少量样品做MS测定来加以定性鉴定。定量采用内标及校正曲线法。 相似文献
910.