甲型肝炎病毒对理化因子的稳定性

用放射免疫成斑法研究了甲型肝炎病毒FM-175株的理化稳定性和灭活条件,证明甲型肝炎病毒理化稳定性与其它肠道病毒相似,具有广范围的pH(2～10)稳定性;Mg~(++)和Ca可增强其热稳定性,不能抵抗冷冻干燥,但对热的抵抗力明显高于普通肠道病毒,可被紫外线迅速杀灭,也可被多种消毒剂如3～8％的甲醛液,50～90％的乙醇,2％的石炭酸及400ppm的有效氯等杀灭,但可抵抗0.1％甲醛液,2～5％的来苏儿及200ppm的有效氯1小时以上,本研究工作为甲型肝炎病毒的理化性状、保存及消毒条件等提供了实验数据。     

抗菌活性、细菌耐药性和抗菌药理学使用新药剂能否收到费用效益?

详细阅读了专门论述抗菌剂和传染病化疗的各种杂志,可以看出专门论述抗菌剂的药理学分析以及抗菌活性与药理学性质的关系的文章在不断增加。然而,在过去的十年里最引人注目的抗菌剂药理动力学性质已集中到这些抗菌剂的毒性上,并在改进这些药剂的服法上已做了些工作。在低浓度下仍有很大活性,而且明显地延长了半衰期的无毒性抗生素的有效性促使我们重     

能源植物——乳浆大戟(Euphorbia esula)

乳浆大戟(Euphorbia esula)是一种侵扰草场或荒地的多年生有毒杂草,它分布于美国北部大平原。本文的研究目的是在最适的生长条件下,测定它产生的潜在能量。在施肥和灌溉后,分三次收割,测量计算油、碳氢化物和干物质的所有数据,并把乳浆大戟作为一种燃料进行测量、分析它潜在的热能。并测定12个品系(Strains)的碳氢化物含量,以研究其遗传变异特性。由于增加施肥量,干物质的产量比未经施肥的多一倍,但其中油和碳氢化物含量的百分比没受影响。在干物质中,油和碳氢化物平均值,分别为6.8％和0.6％。在七月中旬的收获期得到的植物生长量(Biomass)、蛋白质和碳氢化物的含量最多。在后期生长中,油的含量不断提高。全部蛋白质产量平均为12％。整株植物的全部生物量的热量值是每克4407卡,而油的热量值为每克10,019卡。乳浆大戟干草每年产生的能量比小麦杆产生的能量多四倍。建议乳浆大戟植株的全部生物量作为当地的燃料作物,直接用于家庭取暖。     

Assembly of cyanobacterial and higher plant ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase subunits into functional homologous and heterologous enzyme molecules in Escherichia coli

The genes for the large (rbcL) and small (rbcS) subunits of ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBPCase) from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 6301, and the rbcS gene of wheat, have been expressed in Escherichia coli in order to study homologous and heterologous enzyme assembly. Synechococcus L subunits expressed in E. coli in the absence of S subunits assemble into oligomeric structures without detectable enzyme activity. Co-expression of L and S subunits, achieved after infection with an M13 recombinant phage containing the rbcS gene, restores enzyme activity, thus demonstrating the essential role of S in the formation of an active RuBPCase. The S subunit, however, is neither required for the solubility nor for the assembly of the L subunits into oligomeric forms. The specific activity of the homologous Synechococcus RuBPCase can be modulated by changing the intracellular pool size of S by phage infection. Heterologous assembly between L subunits of Synechococcus and S subunits of wheat can be demonstrated and results in a functional enzyme. The hybrid RuBPCase has approximately 10% of the activity of the homologous Synechococcus enzyme.     

Chromosomal location of genes controlling flavonoid production in hexaploid wheat

Two-dimensional paper chromatography was performed on methanol extracts of leaves of hexaploid bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell. cultivar Chinese Spring, and of the available nullisomic-tetrasomic compensating lines, the tetrasomic lines and the ditelocentric lines. The chromatograms had 27 spots identified as flavonoids and six representing phenolic acids. Some of the areas were complex and contained more than one compound. Four flavonoids were identified as under the control of gene(s) on chromosome arms 1DS, 4DL, 5AS and 6BS. A phenolic glycoside was concluded to be controlled by a gene(s) on chromosome arm 7BL. Gene(s) on chromosome arm 4DL affected the amount of compounds in two other spots, and gene(s) on chromosome arm 4BS reduced the level of all flavonoid compounds. The individual compounds in some of the complex spots may be under the control of gene(s) on homoeologous chromosomes.     

Intensified controlled fish growth in tanks implementing a multipurpose flow device

Fish biomass (Tilapia sp.) were raised at high stocking density in 1-m(3) tanks containing 450 L of water. The water was changed continously by means of a jet flow regulator. The jet flow regulator maintained adequate dissolved oxygen (DO) and a low ammonia level, while the suspended solids were discarded. In such a system, an annual yield of above 15 kg/m(3) can be expected. The application of the jet flow regulator in aquaculture is discussed.     

Electron Transport-Dependent Chlorophyll-a Fluorescence Quenching by O(2) in Various Algae and Higher Plants

A comparison of chlorophyll-a fluorescence in brown algae (Macrocystis integrifolia, Fucus vesiculosis), green algae (Scenedesmus obliquus, Ulva sp.) and higher plants (bean, corn) show differences in the relative fluorescence intensities and induction time courses which characterize each type of plant. These differences are not reflected in either the maximum fluorescence emission in the presence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (F_max) or the nonvariable fluorescence (F_o). Constancy of F_o and F_max suggests functional similarities of photosystem II and associated antennae pigments in the various classes of plants. The time course differences are observed only in the absence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and appear, therefore, to be electron transport dependent. During induction, the peak in fluorescence (F_p) is much lower in all of the algae studied than in the higher plants. Exogenous O₂ strongly quenches F_p in all plants studied and our data indicate that the low F_p in the algae can be partially accounted for by endogenous O₂ quenching.