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沙漠化过程中四个共有种的生长和抗氧化系统酶类变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
探讨了自然条件下沙质草原沙漠化过程中4个共有植物种群的形态、生长和抗氧化系统酶类变化规律.结果表明,沙漠化过程中共有种种群株高、密度、密度百分比总体上呈降低趋势,其中扁蓿豆中度沙漠化阶段前生长渐趋旺盛,中度沙漠化阶段后生长受到限制,未达到显著水平(P>0.05).羊草受损最重,中度沙漠化阶段株高下降至原生植被阶段的57.19%,密度和密度百分比仅为原生植被阶段的2.50%和6.22%.糙隐子草和冷蒿在潜在沙漠化、轻度沙漠化或中度沙漠化阶段株高的增加与种群所处的阶段性优势地位及其抗逆性增强有关.共有种群SOD、POD活性普遍在潜在沙漠化、中度沙漠化阶段增加,轻度沙漠化、重度沙漠化阶段降低.羊草过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性较高,对沙漠化的响应不显著(P>0.05);扁蓿豆CAT活性在潜在沙漠化、重度沙漠化阶段明显升高(P≤0.01).在重度沙漠化阶段,共有种3种酶活性普遍下降,只有扁蓿豆CAT活性上升.共有种群丙二醛含量从原生植被到中度沙漠化阶段均呈"先升后降再升"的变化,不同阶段之间差异显著(P≤0.05).综合分析表明,4个共有种中,羊草对沙漠化较敏感,扁蓿豆则生命力最强. 相似文献
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中温型和暖温型草原五种植物构件生长与水热组合关系研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
在暖温型和中温型草原对大针茅(Stipa grandis)、羊草(Leymus chinensis)、糙隐子草(Cleisto-genes squorrosa)、达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza dahurica)和阿尔泰狗哇花(Heteropappus altaicus)5个共有植物种群的构件生长特征进行了比较研究,并应用种群统计的生长分析指标与研究站点的月平均温度、降水量和湿润度进行了灰色关联分析。结果表明,中温型草原各共有种的相对生长速率(DRGR&;DRGRa)和单位叶速率(DULA)均高于暖温型草原,显示出对中温型草原生长季短、热量条件不足的生态适应特征;而暖温型草原则以较长的叶面积及构件持续时间适应该草原区生长季长、热量较为充足的气修条件。暖温型草原各共有种的构件生长指标与湿润度之间的灰色关联度普遍高于中温型草原,即暖温型草原植物的构件生长对生长季内的水热组合更为敏感,显示出不同热量型草原区植物构件生长的响应特征。 相似文献
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16S~23S RDNA间区在链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌分类中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用16S~23S rDNA间区(intergenic spacer regions,ISR)在不同细菌中拷贝数、碱基排列、序列长度及所含tRNA基因种类和数目的差异,对15株链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌进行属、种、型和株系的分类鉴定。在16S rDNA的3′端和23S rDNA的5′端的保守区中合成引物,PCR扩增16S~23S rDNA ISR序列,对多态片段切胶纯化直接测序。在GenBank上查找对应细菌的ISR序列。用DNAMAN软件进行系统进化分析。链球菌属为单拷贝16S~23Sr RNA ISR、有一个tRNAAla基因编码区、分子大小在269~446bp之间,序列分成4个保守区和4个可变区,可变区碱基排列方式和数目的不同是种分类的依据。7株链球菌的同源率在78%~88%。同种异株的差异反映在碱基的插入和缺失上。流感嗜血杆菌各生物型均为2个拷贝的ISR,小片段为514~519bp,编码1个tRNAGlu基因,有3个狭窄可变区。大片段富含A T碱基,在I、II和IV型中分别是868、848和856bp,编码一个tRNAIle基因和一个tRNAAla基因。不同生物型小分子ISR与标准菌株比较,同源性在97.3%~99.6 %之间。 ISR作为细菌分类的目的基因具有属、种、型和株特异性与灵敏性。简单的基因分离分析技术为认识病原微生物提供了更多的机会。
Abstract:To facilitate species level identification of bacteria without the requirement of presumptive identification,the paper describes a rapid identification method of bacteria by amplification and direct sequencing 16S~23S rDNA intergenic spacer regions (ISR) of the pathogens which cause the upper respiratory tract infective disease by Streptococcus and Haemophilus.Three pairs of primer targeting conserved sequences flanking the 3′ end of 16S and the 5′end of 23S rRNA were used to amplify 16S~23S rRNA ISR of 7 streptococcus strains and 8 Haemophilus strains.The PCR products were separated by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis and the polymorphisms fragments were purified with the Wizard PCR Min-Prep Kit (Promega) and Protocol-SK131(Sangon).The nucleotide sequences of ISR inserts were determined by using the XEQTM DTCS Kit——Terminator Cycle Sequencing and a CEQTM 2000XL DNA Analysis system (Backman Coulter) automatic DAN sequencer.Then those sequences were compared with known seqnences on the GenBank.The alignment of nucleotide sequence,evolutionary distances and phylogenetic tress were analyzed by software DANMAN version 4.0.The PCR products were showed polymorphism patterns with agarose gel.One band was contained in streptococcus genus.The significant variation was found among the spacer sequences of different species in Streptococcus with the lengths of the spacer varying from 269 to 446bp.All the ISR of the streptococcal species had a tRNA Ala gene in the spacer and the sequence identities varied from 78 to 88% within genera.It was found that some spacer sequence blocks were highly conserved between operons of a genome,whereas the presence of others was variable,three regions showed significant spatial variation.Most of the differences between the sequences came from several bases insertions/deletions and substitutions.There are two major bands in the Haemophilus biotypes(515 and 884bp),the small ISR amplicon contained one tDNA coding for tRNAGlu.In contrast to the large one contained two tRNA genes coding for tRANAla and tRNAIle.Two regions of repeating motifs with only A or T were present in higher copy numbers between tRANAla and tRNAIle.The phylogenetic trees varied from 97.5 to 98.8%.The PCR and direct sequencing of 16S~23S rRAN ISR were successful in the pathogen species identification. 相似文献
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羊草草原种群分布格局的最适取样面积 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
只有提供足够的环境空间才能保证展现出特定群落类型的种类组成和结构特征的真实面貌,然而,反映群落种类组成的种-面积曲线所给出的最小面积远不能反映种群结构和群落结构的特征。本文将以统计学的方法对研究种群个体分布格局的最适取样面积作深入探讨。 应用Greig-Smith格局分析的原理,计算在一个由小到大的样方面积系列中测得种多度值均方的变化,得到了随样方面积逐级增大的多度值均方的变化曲线,变化曲线表明:8个植物种群的变化曲线韵峰值基本上都出现在区组16到32范围内,表示这些种群个体斑块的聚块群的平均面积在288—576平方米,所以,对多数种群来说,500平方米(12米×40米)的样方可以作为研究种群个体分布格局的最适取样面积。 相似文献
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