关键是培养学生的科学思维能力

当前生物化学的进展极快,研究的领域很宽,教科书的内容也很广泛,而讲授时数又不可能相应增加,以致造成课时紧张,很多内容只讲述必要的结论性知识,很少有时间讲述其来龙去脉,分析其科学方法,指出其不足之处,展望其发展方向。结果使学生习惯于死记硬背,负担过重,脑子刻板。我们深深感到,     

金龟科中国新记录种

本文报道采自新疆的金龟科２９个中国新记录种,文内采用俄国     

论品种的纯与杂

华国锋同志在第一次全国农业学大寨会议上的总结报告中指出:“要积极进行良种的繁育、推广和提纯复壮工作。”这是建设大寨县,达到高产稳产,全面贯彻执行农业八字宪法,大搞科学种田的一个组成部分。在理论与实践上正确地理解与应用品种的纯与杂,对发展我国良种繁育、推广和提纯复壮有重大意义。     

桂西北典型喀斯特区生态服务价值的环境响应及其空间尺度特征

Study on ecosystem service values (ESVs) is the bridge of understanding ecosystem and economic decision-making. To investigate the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales is an urgent work in the process of ecological restoration and sustainable development in southwest China. Based on the previous research results, the remote images, and weather data of 31 years (1975-2005), the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales in a typical karst area of northwest Guangxi, China were evaluated with the method of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) in this paper. The results showed that ESVs had obvious variations with changes in elevation, rocky types and soil types, and had corresponding characteristics of spatial scales. The ESVs in middle and low elevation areas were higher, but they decreased due to human activities such as deforestation. The ESVs in peak-cluster depression areas were lower, and they would increase as influenced by policies such as returning farmland to forestland. The ESVs were influenced by rocky types, showing lower values but an increasing trend in the typical karst regions while higher values but a decreasing trend in non-karst regions. The average ESVs in the west part of the study region, which is not only the main nature reserve for rare wildlife species in Guangxi, but also one of the best preserved natural vegetation regions in China, were more than 15,000 RMB Yuan ha-1,. Comparatively, the ESVs were less than 10,000 Yuan ha-1 in the middle part of the region attributed to low vegetation coverage, serious peak-cluster depression and karst rocky desertification. After about 20 years, that is from 1985 to 2005, the ecosystem conditions had been improved and the ESVs had increased in the middle and eastern part of this study region. On the contrary, in most western part, which was dominated by subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, they had been worsened, and the balance values of ESVs were negative. As for the relationships of ESVs with rocky types and soil types, lime soil and red soil were the two main soil types that contributed to ESVs (The total contribution was above 60%, and it is 63.77%,64.37%,64.56%,64.91% respectively in the four years of 1985, 1990, 2000 and 2005.). The variance contribution of intrinsic mode function (IMF) and trend (R) showed that there were obvious special sales for ESVs in this study area, and the main spatial scales were about 2.7 km, 5.5 km, and 11.6 km. The variance contribution ratio was 12.29%, 11.26%, 11.49% respectively, and the trend (R) was high (17.74%). In conclusion, this study indicated that ecosystem conditions in the typical karst area were improved owing to the application of rocky desertification control policies, such as ecological migration and returning farmland to forestland. Besides, the main spatial scales of ESVs in the study area were the interactions of terrain, physiognomy, land use / land cover and human activities.     

核磁共振技术在土壤-植物-大气连续体研究中的应用

植物体内的水分状态与传输过程是土壤-植物-大气连续体(SPAC)水分传输理论的核心内容,也是研究植物水分利用与调控的基础.植物体内水分的传输过程受外界环境影响较大,植物需要通过对体内水分状态的适当调整来适应环境变化和维持自身的生长发育.由于蒸发通量、压力室、高压流速仪、热脉冲等传统检测方法往往会对植株造成破坏和损伤,因此难以准确反映和定量描述植物体内水分传输的真实过程.核磁共振技术(NMR)由于其无损、非侵入的特点,在植物水分分布和传输相关研究中日益得到关注.本文概述了NMR在检测植物体内水分分布、传输以及含量测定等方面的研究进展,还分析了目前NMR技术在SPAC系统研究中存在的问题及可能的解决方法,并指出NMR技术将来可能在植物水分生理、植物与环境互作以及水分代谢等相关研究领域的应用.NMR技术在SPAC系统研究中的应用在我国仍处于初级阶段,开发户外便携式、开放式检测仪器是NMR技术在SPAC研究领域进一步应用和推广的关键所在.     

刺参的人工养殖

介绍了刺参的生活习性、人工繁殖、人工育苗及养成,并简要介绍了获得受精卵的方法。     

铜绿丽金龟和黄褐丽金龟幼虫感染Bt HBF-1菌株后的病症及中肠组织病理变化

研究了丽金龟科(Rutelidae) 铜绿丽金龟Anomala corpulenta和黄褐丽金龟A. exoleta幼虫感染苏云金芽孢杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis HBF-1菌株后的病症,并采用组织切片的方法研究了感染HBF-1菌株后中肠的组织病理变化。结果表明： 丽金龟科幼虫感染HBF-1菌株后,初期幼虫无明显感病症状,随着感染时间的延长,逐渐出现反应迟钝、麻痹、丧失条件反射能力等症状,最终虫体变黑、伸直或是收缩,直至死亡,时间稍长便会呈腐稠状。在相差显微镜下观察中肠组织切片发现,感染3 d时,肠壁细胞出现变形及空洞;7 d时,细胞破坏更加严重,甚至无法辨认细胞形状;10 d时,肠壁细胞开始脱离底膜;新鲜死虫,肠壁细胞连同细胞内含物全部脱离,仅留底膜。     

云南傣族中所见的G6PD突变型

利用错配碱基PCR/酶切法,在云南傣族中发现ntl388 G→A、ntl376 G→T和nt392 G→T G6PD基因突变型。其中主要为1388突变(18/23)。此3种突变也见于华南地区的汉族中,而有别于非中国人的突变型。提示傣族与汉族可能有同一民族渊源。利用PCR-SSCP方法在不同外显子中发现3例未知突变,待进一步DNA序列测定定型。 Abstract:By using mis-matched PCR followed by endonuclease digestion,G6PD gene mutations nt1388G→A,nt1376G→T,and nt392G→T were found among Dai national minority in Yunnan Province.Among these mutations,18 out 23 were nt1388G→A mutation.These three types of mutation were also found in Han people in the southern China,and never reported in other ethnic groups worldwide.It implied that the Han and Dai people perhaps had the same ethnic origin.Mutations of three undefined cases were identified in different exons by PCR-SSCP method.The exact mutation point will be detected by DNA sequencing under further investigation.     

抗类风湿性关节炎新药的研究与开发进展

依据美国药物研究与生产商协会 (PhRMA) 发布的报告和临床试验数据库（clinicaltrials.gov）与相关新药数据库的数据,对2014 年进入II ～Ⅲ期临床试验或获批的用于治疗类风湿关节炎的34 个候选新药的临床研发情况进行统计分析,着重将其中进入III 期临床试验或获批的9 个药物分为化学合成的、生物学原创的和仿制生物学的缓解病情类抗风湿药物以及治疗性疫苗等类别进行综述。