Estimation of Cellobiohydrolase I Activity by Numerical Differentiation of Dynamic Ultraviolet Spectroscopy

1,4-β-D-glucan cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I),p-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside,p-nitrophenol andcellobiose show distinct ultraviolet spectra,allowing the design of an assay to track the dynamic process ofp-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside hydrolysis by CBH I.Based on the linear relationship between p-nitrophenolformation in the hydrolysate and its first derivative absorption Curve of AUC340_400_(nm)(area under the curve),a new sensitive assay for the determination of CBH I activity was developed.The dynamic parameters ofcatalysis reaction,such as Vm and k_(cat),can all be derived from this result.The influence of β-glucosidase andendoglucanase in crude enzyme sample on the assay was discussed in detail.This approach is useful foraccurate determination of the activity of CBHs.     

基于灰熵关联的平均住院日影响因素研究

目的:分析医疗指标与平均住院日的关联程度,为医院有效缩短平均住院日提供参考依据。方法:建立基于灰熵优化的加权灰色关联度模型,对影响平均住院日的医疗指标进行重要程度的分析。结果:根据关联程度分析,可知影响平均住院日的医疗指标重要程度依次为开放床位数、床位周转次数、治疗有效率、床位使用率、年门诊量、住院手术人次和出院人数。结论:基于灰熵优化的加权灰色关联分析方法可以有效分析医疗指标对平均住院日的影响程度,提高医疗服务质量。     

cis基因交换形成RHD-CE(2-9)-D等位基因

以往通过基因组DNA分析,分别在高加索人和中国人中观察到少数Rh阴性个体存在RHD基因第1和第10外显子,但是该等位基因形成的具体分子机制尚有争论。本文分别针对RHD基因mRNA的5′-和3′-非编码区设计一对特异性引物,通过逆转录PCR（RT-PCR）和cDNA测序,分析2例RHD基因阳性（拥有第1和第10外显子）、D抗原表型阴性个体的全长mRNA/cDNA序列,同时以1例正常Rh阳性个体（CcDDee）作对照。结果正常Rh阳性个体拥有正常RHD基因mRNA,2名携带RHD基因的Rh阴性个体则均检出存在与正常RHD基因或RHCE基因转录产物相同长度、以及相同外显子构成的mRNA,但该转录子的第1和第10外显子及3′-非编码区序列与RHD基因一致,而第2～9外显子全部序列与RHCE(e)基因mRNA相同,表明2名个体均存在RHD-CE(2~9)-D融合RHD等位基因,即其RHD基因的第2～9外显子被同源RHCE(e)基因替换,导致不能编码正常RhD蛋白,形成个体D抗原阴性表型。     

α（1→4）连接的半乳糖醛酸构象的量子化学研究

本文采用量子化学ＳＣＦ－ＭＯ－ＬＣＡＯ半经验方法,对二聚半乳糖醛酸的构象从理论上进行了研究。在势能面上存在多个构象区域稳定点,最稳定的构象形式在Φ＝６０．０°,ψ＝－１２０．０°位置。从量子化学的前线分子轨道、电荷布后以及双中心作用能分析探讨了稳定构象与水解易于发生的可能构象间的联系。为生物化学研究提供了必要的信息。     

我国典型湿热地区变质烟用香精中腐败微生物的多样性分析

【背景】烟用香精是卷烟生产中的重要辅料,有些香精,特别是剩余的加料香精在运输和储存等过程中可能污染微生物,引起腐败变质发生。【目的】分析变质烟用香精中腐败微生物的群落多样性,确定引起加料香精变质的主要腐败微生物。【方法】采用稀释平板法,对我国典型湿热地区云南、福建和广西三地变质加料香精样品中的污染细菌、霉菌或酵母进行分离,分析其16S rRNA、ITS或26S rRNA基因序列,并通过反证试验确定引起变质的主要腐败微生物。【结果】所考察3个典型湿热地区变质加料香精存在不同程度的细菌、霉菌或酵母污染,其中细菌污染最为普遍。分离的76株污染细菌分布在2门4纲5目10科15属,细菌的群落多样性比较丰富,其中雷尔氏菌属(Ralstonia)、柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)及芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)是优势菌群;9株霉菌分布在子囊菌门(Ascomycota)的3纲6属,每个属分离到1-2株霉菌;42株酵母分布在子囊菌门的6个属,其中毕赤酵母属(Pichia)、细枝钩酵母菌属(Wickerhamomyces)及酵母菌属(Saccharomyces)是优势菌群。云南和福建两地样品的细菌菌群组成明显多于广西,广西样品的霉菌菌群组成以及福建样品的酵母菌群组成均分别多于其余两地。反证试验结果显示,柠檬酸杆菌属、肠杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、雷尔氏菌属和毕赤酵母属是引起烟用加料香精变质的主要腐败微生物。【结论】变质加料香精中污染微生物菌群组成及腐败微生物确定的研究将有助于我国湿热地区香精香料中污染微生物的控制和腐败变质的预防。     

岩藻糖基化人乳低聚糖在新生儿无乳链球菌肺炎治疗中的作用

目的探讨岩藻糖基化人乳低聚糖在新生儿无乳链球菌肺炎中的治疗作用。方法收集本院2015年7月至2017年2月痰培养阳性新生儿无乳链球菌、大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌感染性肺炎病例,分析不同喂养方式、不同病原类别肺炎在住院时间、炎症、并发症等指标差异,探讨岩藻糖基化人乳低聚糖对无乳链球菌感染的独特治疗作用;使用含有不同浓度岩藻糖基化人乳低聚糖的培养基对无乳链球菌进行培养,研究岩藻糖基化人乳低聚糖抑制无乳链球菌的最佳浓度;分别使用岩藻糖基化人乳低聚糖或酸性人乳低聚糖加入培养基中对无乳链球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌进行培养,进一步探讨岩藻糖基化人乳低聚糖对无乳链球菌的独特抑制作用。结果无乳链球菌肺炎患儿,母乳喂养组的住院时间较人工喂养组住院时间减少[(8.35±0.77)d vs(10.91±0.54)d,t=1.557 676,P<0.05)],PCT值较人工喂养组低[(2.38±0.63)ng/mL vs(8.69±2.23)ng/mL,t=1.419 964,P<0.05],白细胞计数较人工喂养组低[(13.28±1.08)×10^9/L vs(16.16±0.98)×10^9/L,t=1.878 447,P<0.05],脑膜炎发生率较人工喂养组低(5%vs 35%,χ^2=5.601 353,P<0.05),呼吸机使用率较人工喂养组低(10.0%vs 36.4%,χ^2=4.005 042,P<0.05);大肠埃希菌肺炎患儿、肺炎克雷伯菌肺炎患儿,母乳喂养组与人工喂养组比较,住院时间稍减少,PCT值、白细胞计数、脑膜炎发生率和呼吸机使用率均有所降低,差异无统计学意义;细菌培养实验发现岩藻糖基化人乳低聚糖在2.5 mg/L浓度的时候可以明显抑制无乳链球菌的生长,对大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌无明显抑制作用,酸性人乳低聚糖对3种细菌均无抑制作用。结论岩藻糖基化人乳低聚糖可以明显抑制无乳链球菌的生长,可能成为未来无乳链球菌感染性肺炎治疗中新的靶点,值得深入研究。     

Energy intake,oxidative stress and antioxidant in mice during lactation

Reproduction is the highest energy demand period for small mammals, during which both energy intake and expenditure are increased to cope with elevated energy requirements of offspring growth and somatic protection. Oxidative stress life history theory proposed that reactive oxygen species(ROS) were produced in direct proportion to metabolic rate, resulting in oxidative stress and damage to macromolecules. In the present study, several markers of oxidative stress and antioxidants activities were examined in brain, liver, kidneys, skeletal muscle and small intestine in non-lactating(Non-Lac) and lactating(Lac) KM mice. Uncoupling protein(ucps) gene expression was examined in brain, liver and muscle. During peak lactation, gross energy intake was 254% higher in Lac mice than in Non-Lac mice. Levels of H2O2 of Lac mice were 17.7% higher in brain(P<0.05), but 21.1%(P<0.01) and 14.5%(P<0.05) lower in liver and small intestine than that of Non-Lac mice. Malonadialdehyde(MDA) levels of Lac mice were significantly higher in brain, but lower in liver, kidneys, muscle and small intestine than that of Non-Lac mice. Activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX) was significantly decreased in brain and liver in the Lac group compared with that in the Non-Lac group. Total antioxidant capacity(TAOC) activity of Lac mice was significantly higher in muscle, but lower in kidneys than Non-Lac mice. Ucp4 and ucp5 gene expression of brain was 394% and 577% higher in Lac mice than in Non-Lac mice. These findings suggest that KM mice show tissuedependent changes in both oxidative stress and antioxidants. Activities of antioxidants may be regulated physiologically in response to the elevated ROS production in several tissues during peak lactation. Regulations of brain ucp4 and ucp5 gene expression may be involved in the prevention of oxidative damage to the tissue.     

Nesting season,nest age,and disturbance,but not habitat characteristics,affect nest survival of Chinese grouse

Nest survival is a vital component of breeding success,and affects population dynamics,as the loss of nests is the main cause of reproductive failure in birds.To identify key factors for the conservation of Chinese grouse Tetrastes sewerzowi,we tested the effects of nest concealment,nest age,nesting season,and habitat edge on nest daily survival rate(DSR)of Chinese grouse using 54 nests found at Lianhuashan Nature Reserve,Gansu,China,2009-2012.Moreover,we controlled for the effect of research activity by testing the effect of nest checks on DSR.Overall,mammal predation caused 93%of nest failures.DSR was 0.986±0.0038 in the constant model and the probability of a nest with a full clutch of 6 eggs surviving the entire 40-day nesting period was 0.526±0.090.DSR decreased with nest age and nesting season(from 19 May to 3 July).Mammals instead of avian predators being responsible for most nest failures suggest that nest sites might be selected to avoid visual avian predators,but not olfactory mammalian predators,and the decreasing trend of DSR with nest age and nesting season could attribute to an additive exposure effect.Moreover,nest checks conducted by investigators significantly lowered nest DSR,especially during the late period of nesting season and for older nests.Mammalian predators might locate the nest site by following the investigator's odor.Based on our results,we suggest that the late incubation stage is a particularly vulnerable period for nest survival of Chinese grouse and those researchers should adjust their activities around nests to balance the need of acquiring accurate data and decreasing nest predation risk.     

Comparison of the olfactory sensitivity of two sympatric steppe grasshopper species (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to plant volatile compounds

Two Oedipodinae grasshopper species Oedaleus decorus asiaticus B.-Bienko and Angaracris baraben-sis Pall. (Orthoptera: Acrididae) are important pests on the natural grasslands in Inner Mongolia and often require insecticide treatment during outbreaks[1]. They both prefer overgrazed steppes and xerophytous habi-tats, and have thus been suggested as indicator species for steppe deterioration in typical steppe zones of In-ner Mongolia[2]. The two species have a sympatric distribution and sync…     

细胞色素P450 2D6缺陷型等位基因的家系分析

利用等位基因特民扩增法(ASA)为基础的基因分型法,对细胞色素P4502D6 (CYP2D6)缺陷型等位基因携带者的9个家庭共38个进行了基因分型,并与用右旋美沙芬为 探针的表型分型法进行对比,发现两种方法的结果是一致的,CYP2D6酶缺陷型等位基因呈常染色体隐性遗传。 Abstract:A genotyping method based on the principle of allele-specific amplification and a phenotyping procedure with dextromethorphan as a probe were employed in familial study of nine families with 38 members for the cytochrome P450 2D6(CYP2D6)deficient alleles——CYP2D6A,CYP2D6B,CYP2D6D and CYP2D6T.The results showed that the CYP2D6 deficient alleles were inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.