部分蜥蜴类牙齿特征补充

The characteristics of modern lizard teeth have often been overlooked as an aid to classification. In order to i-dentify isolated teeth or rows of teeth on the jaws of Quaternary lizard fossils, we observed many modern lizard skulls with complete tooth rows, and thereby discovered that there are different patterns of tooth arrangement which are a significant aid to classification and also valuable in distinguishing lizard tooth fragments or isolated teeth. Our observations suggest that lizard teeth can be divided into three major types: 1 ) Homodont, pleurodont with single-cusp. This kind of teeth is usually slender and closely spaced. Teeth number 20 - 30 or more. The smaller-sized lizards, such as Gekkos gecko, G.Japonicus, Eumeces chinensis (Fig. 1 :A, a), E. xanthi, Leiolopisma tsinlingensis (Fig. 1 :B, b), L. reevesii, Ly-gosoma indicum, Platyurus platyurus and Hemidactylus frenatus, have this kind of arrangement. 2) Heterodont, sub-acrodont or pleurodont, with single-conical cusp teeth at the anterior of the tooth row and with flat-conical bicuspid teeth posteriorly. There are about 18 - 19 check teeth. Eremias argus (Fig. 1:C,c), E. multiocellata and E. brenchltyi have this kind of arrangement. 3 ) Heterodont, with single-conical cusp teeth in the anterior part of the tooth row and with tricuspid, subacrodont teeth posteriorly. There are vertical grooves between the teeth on the external side of the low-er jaw. The fourth tooth in most species is canine-like. There are 16 or less check teeth. The larger-sized lizards, such as Phrynocephalus przewalski, P. frontalis (Fig. 1:D,d), Japalura splendida, J. flaviceos (Fig. 1 : E, e), Calotes versicolor and Leioleps belliana etc. possess this kind of arrangement. Evolutionary trends in lizard teeth are briefly dis-cussed.     

HCV NS3/4A蛋白酶胞内荧光检测方法的建立

目的:建立丙型肝炎病毒NS3/4A丝氨酸蛋白酶胞内荧光检测方法。方法:利用EGFP分子内合适位点可以插入一定长度外源片段而不影响荧光性能的特性,构建EGFP分子内插入NS3/4A蛋白酶识别序列NS5AB的EGFP-5AB重组分子。将EGFP-5AB与NS3/4A蛋白酶共表达,若短肽链被切断,则EGFP的两个部分解离,荧光消失,从而可以监测HCV NS3/4A蛋白酶的存在。通过将NS5AB插入三种不同位点,寻找最合适的插入位点;将EGFP-5AB转染进入不同宿主细胞,验证其在不同细胞的表达情况并选择最佳宿主细胞。结果:确定EGFP 173-174氨基酸位点是合适的插入位点;确定CHO-K1为理想的荧光检测系统宿主细胞;在构建的细胞模型中,能够检测到EGFP被切割后的条带,但检测不到荧光信号,说明EGFP-5AB蛋白被有效切割,该方法可以检测到NS3/4A丝氨酸蛋白酶的存在。结论:成功构建了一种在哺乳动物细胞中检测NS3/4A蛋白酶切割活性的荧光检测方法。     

陕西省缓步动物二新纪录种记述

记述了陕西省2个缓步动物新纪录种,它们是Doryphoribius citrinusMaucci,1972(真缓步纲,高生熊虫科)和Echiniscus testudoDoyére,1840(异缓步纲,棘影科)。     

超低渗油藏微生物吞吐技术的矿场试验

【目的】通过对渭北低渗油藏内源微生物的研究,考察分离纯化的内源解烃菌产生表面活性剂和降解原油的能力、岩心驱替增油效率,同时验证其在超低渗油田单井吞吐矿场实验的应用效果,探讨微生物采油技术在超低渗油田提高采收率的工艺和可行性。【方法】采集超低渗油藏的油水样,应用油平板进行产表面活性剂解烃菌的分离,通过生理生化特性和16S r RNA基因序列分析对菌株进行种属鉴定,评价其油藏环境适应性,利用内源-外源功能微生物复配体系进行原油降解,在填砂管和岩心物模上进行驱油实验,将优化好的微生物复配体系应用于现场实施单井吞吐工艺的实验。【结果】从渭北某区块超低渗油藏的原油样品中分离得到一株铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa),命名为WB-001。该菌株可使发酵液的表面张力降至29.04 m N/m,使渭北原油蜡质含量降至8.48%。填砂管实验表明WB-001与外源枯草芽胞杆菌OPUS-HOB-001(Bacillus subtilis)复配后,驱油效率较单纯水驱提高了9.72%;岩心驱替实验较水驱提高12.54%。微生物单井吞吐措施后,平均日产油由措施前的0.42 t增加到0.89 t,累计增油44.47 t;原油降粘率为11.70%,降凝率为9.41%,采出水表面张力降低幅度为18.93%。【结论】通过详细的室内评估和成功的矿场实验,证明微生物采油技术在超低渗油藏有一定的应用可行性,并为后续规模化应用提供了理论基础和物质基础,为超低渗油田的高效精细开发探索一条新的途径。     

两栖类和爬行类体温调节的神经生物学研究进展

两栖类和爬行类属于变温脊椎动物,它们对外界环境温度的变化非常敏感,借助自身体温调节以适应或抵抗这种变化.本文简要介绍了它们的体温调节中枢、参与体温调节的神经递质和激素及其体温调节的研究方法和神经生物学机制.