Operations on large arteries; application of recent advances

With the use of anticoagulants to prevent recurrence of thrombosis it is now possible to open a major artery which has been occluded by a thrombus, remove the thickened lining with the clot and restore the continuity of the vessel. Free vein grafts have been used successfully to replace arterial segments in the extremities. Vein inlay grafts are preferred in dealing with aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. The aneurysmal wall can be used to support the venous segments. It has been possible to by-pass aneurysms of the abdominal aorta by anastomosing the splenic artery to the left iliac artery. The use of the left superficial femoral artery as a by-pass to supply blood to the right leg is described.     

2003年国际生物学奥林匹克竞赛实验考试试题(3)

参赛的考生：在“动物形态、解剖和系统学”的实验中，你们将要完成3个试题：     

氨基酸分析中内标法与外标法的比较

<正> 氨基酸自动分析,现已成了许多实验室的常规工作。分析的准确性是特别地依赖于对标准物分析的精确性的。所以,对于如何才能获得高质量的标准因子,和标准化方法都应给予高度重视。