Correlations Between Foliar Stable Carbon Isotope Composition and Environmental Factors in Desert Plant Reaumuria soongorica （Pall.） Maxim.

Leaves of 407 individuals of Reaumuria soongorica （Pall.） Maxim. collected from the major distribution areas were measured to investigate the distribution characteristics of the stable carbon isotope in this desert plant, as well as correlations between δ^13C values and environmental factors. Results showed that δ^13C values in R. soongorica ranged from -22.77‰ to -29.85‰ and that the mean δ^13C value （-26.52‰） was higher than a previously reported δ^13C value for a different desert ecosystem. This indicates that R. soongorica belongs to the C3 photosynthetic pathway and has higher water use efficiency than other species. The correlations between δ^13C values and environmental factors demonstrated that the foliar δ^13C values in R. soongorica increased significantly with decreasing mean annual precipitation and mean relative humidity, and decreased with decreasing duration of sunshine and evaporation. The spatial distribution trend of δ^13C values in R. soongorica was not obvious and there was no significant correlation between the δ^13C values and mean annual temperature. We conclude that different distribution trends in δ^13C values for R. soongorica were likely caused by stomatal limitation rather than by nutrient-related changes in photosynthetic efficiency and that precipitation played an important role in the wide distribution range of R. soongorica. This pattern of δ^13C values for R. soongorica reinforced that it is a super-xerophil in terms of its adaptive strategies to a desert environment.     

A taxonomic study on Endotricha Zeller （Lepidoptera： Pyralidae： Pyralinae） in China

A checklist of 30 species ofEndotricha Zeller in China is presented in this paper. Six species （E. dumalis sp. nov., E. lunulata sp. nov. E. medogana sp. nov., E. nigra sp. nov., E. purpurata sp. nov. and E. simipunicea sp. nov.） are new to science and three （E. admirabilis Kirpichnikova, E. fuscobasalis Ragonot and E. valentis Kirpichnikova） are recorded for the first time in China. The adult features and genital structures of the new species are illustrated and a key to the Chinese species is given.     

19例直肠癌腹会阴切除股薄肌移植肛门成形术

目的:肛管、直肠癌扩大根治切除的同时,利用股薄肌肛门成形,以取得肛门节制力,避免了腹壁人工肛门。方法:肛管、直肠癌扩大根治切除,将结肠拉至会阴部并将已从右大腿游离好的股薄肌环绕一周并固定于右坐骨结节。肌肉、肠管间断缝合后肠管断端与会阴部皮肤间断缝合。结果:12例术后三个月肛门功能I级(排便如常人);3例功能为II级;2例III级;1例围手术期死亡。结论:肛管、直肠癌扩大根治切除(R3手术),手术彻底,不影响生存期。利用股薄肌移植,于原肛门处形成一有节制力的新肛门,尽管手术有相当的难度,但只要掌握住拉出肠管血循良好、环绕的股薄肌又不致过紧造成远端肠管坏死,而导致手术失败,则不仅保证了患者的生存期,又在原位形成一个有节制力的肛门,应是值得提倡、推广的手术。     

Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis of S. dysenteriae subgroup

Shigella spp are the pathogen of bacillary dysentery, the leading intestinal contagious disease in China. According to the O antigen, Shigella spp can be sub-grouped into four species: S.dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii and S. sonnei, also known as Shigella sub-groups A, B, C and D. In developing countries, S. dysenteriae A1, one of the thirteen serotypes in A sub-group, resulted in extremely serious bacterial diarrhea with mortality of 7%[1]. Traditional classifications were unsucces…     

Applications of the double-barreled data in whole-genome shotgun sequence assembly and analysis

Parallel to improvements in DNA sequencing and computer technologies, the output of bio-information grows dramatically every year. More and more species with important commercial, medical and biological significance have been or are being sequenced. There are two kinds of whole-genome sequencing strategies: The clone-by-clone shotgun method (hierarchical shotgun) and the whole-genome shotgun (WGS) method, each with its individual strengths and draw-backs. In the clone-by-clone method, the a…     

Induction of xenogeneic islet transplantation tolerance by simultaneously blocking CD28-B7 and OX40-OX40L co-stimulatory pathways

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease caused by T cell-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta islets. With its incidence continuous rising in the pediatric age group in recent years, it is becoming a serious threat to the human health. Up to now, there has been no effective therapy for diabetes mellitus, and islet transplantation still remains a promising ap-proach to the treatment of Type 1 diabetes. However, two serious problems hinder the successful islets transplantation, tha…     

Effects of slow-release urea fertilizers on urease activity,microbial biomass, and nematode communities in an aquic brown soil

A field experiment was carried out at the Shenyang Experimental Station of Ecology (CAS) in order to study the effects of slow-release urea fertilizers high polymer-coated urea (SRU1), SRU1 mixed with dicyandiamide DCD (SRU2), and SRU1 mixed with calcium carbide CaC2 (SRU3) on urease activity, microbial biomass C and N, and nematode communities in an aquic brown soil during the maize growth period. The results demonstrated that the application of slow-release urea fertilizers inhibits soil urease activity and increases the soil NH4+-N content. Soil available N increment could promote its immobilization by microorganisms. Determination of soil microbial biomass N indicated that a combined application of coated urea and nitrification inhibitors increased the soil active N pool. The population of predators/omnivores indicated that treatment with SRU2 could provide enough soil NH4+-N to promote maize growth and increased the food resource for the soil fauna compared with the other treatments.     

Production of a monoclonal antibody specific for high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in wheat and its antigenic determinant

Wheat high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) 1Bx14 and 1By15 isolated by preparative SDS-PAGE are used as antigen to immunize BALB/c mice. Subcutaneous inoculation of the antigen is performed. The intra-peritoneal injection is completed 3 days before fusion with myeloma cell (SP2/0) via PEG-1500. The fusion cells are selected by indirect enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). Positive hybrid cells are further verified three times by limit dilution of the culture cells. A hybridoma cell line is successfully obtained. The monoclonal antibody belongs to lgG1 subclass. In immunoblotting, the antibody binds to all HMW-GS of T. aestivum cultivars, but does not bind to other storage proteins in seeds of wheat. This result is consisting with the high homology in amino acid sequences among the HMW glutenin subunits in wheat. The antibody also binds to HMW-GS storage proteins in Aegilops squarrosa and T. durum (durum wheat). Furthermore, it also binds to HMW storage proteins in Secale cereale (rye), Hordeum vulgare (barley). However, it never binds seed storage proteins in other cereals such as maize, oat, rice, foxtail millet, sorghum etc. The antigen determinant recognized by the antibody has been located within hexapeptide [PGQGQQ] or / and nonapeptide [GYYPTSPQQ] in the central repetitive region of HMW-GS.     

FcγRb和Clq抗体的变化在系统性红斑狼疮中的意义

目的探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血单个核细胞FcγRb及血清Clq抗体的表达在SLE发病机制中的意义。方法41例SLE和30例正常人外周血粒细胞、淋巴细胞和单核细胞FcγRb的表达,采用流式细胞仪测定,血清Clq抗体采用ELISA法测定,FcγRb和Clq抗体的表达,分别与抗核抗体(ANA)、dsDNA抗体及SLEDAI评分作相关性分析。结果SLE患者外周血粒细胞、淋巴细胞和单核细胞FcγRb的表达均减少,以粒细胞和单核细胞为主,血清Clq抗体水平明显增高,FcγRb和Clq抗体与ANA、抗dsDNA及系统性红斑狼疮活动指数(SLEDAI)评分,分别呈负相关和正相关;FcγRb与Clq抗体呈低-中度负相关。结论SLE患者外周血单个核细胞FcγRb表达缺陷和血清Clq抗体水平升高,使免疫复合物的清除功能下降,在SLE的免疫发病机制中起重要作用,FcγRb和Clq抗体是判断病情活动性的重要指标。     

19例直肠癌腹会阴切除股薄肌移植肛门成形术

目的：肛管、直肠癌扩大根治切除的同时,利用股薄肌肛门成形,以取得肛门节制力,避免了腹壁人工肛门。方法：肛管、直肠癌扩大根治切除,将结肠拉至会阴部并将已从右大腿游离好的股薄肌环绕一周并固定于右坐骨结节。肌肉、肠管间断缝合后肠管断端与会阴部皮肤间断缝合。结果：12例术后三个月肛门功能Ⅰ级(排便如常人);3例功能为Ⅱ级;2例Ⅲ级;1例围手术期死亡。结论：肛管、直肠癌扩大根治切除(R3手术),手术彻底,不影响生存期。利用股薄肌移植,于原肛门处形成一有节制力的新肛门,尽管手术有相当的难度,但只要掌握住拉出肠管血循良好、环绕的股薄肌又不致过紧造成远端肠管坏死,而导致手术失败,则不仅保证了患的生存期,又在原位形成一个有节制力的肛门,应是值得提倡、推广的手术。