抗酸分枝杆菌和相关菌全细胞枝菌酸甲基酯的薄层分析

用单向薄层层析方法对22种抗酸分枝杆菌及相关细菌的全细胞枝菌酸甲基酯进行了分析。结果表明,人型结核杆菌、牛型结核杆菌、堪萨斯分枝杆菌、海分枝杆菌和胃分枝杆菌的图谱特征相似,由a、甲氧基和酮基枝菌酸酯组成,还有两种未知成分I和J。微黄分枝杆菌、草分枝杆菌、鸟分枝杆菌．胞内分枝杆菌、蛙分枝杆菌和不产色分枝杆菌等均由带a、酮基和蜡脂枝菌酸组成。其它菌种的层析图谱各不相同。诺卡氏菌、红球菌和棒杆菌的图谱较分枝杆菌属简单,主要含有a枝菌酸,又因其Rf值不同,可以将这4种菌属区别开。从肺结核患者痰中分离出来的9株标本技菌酸图谱与标准人型结核扦菌相同,这和用标准化规程进行鉴定的结果一致。我们认为单向薄层层析对于抗酸分枝杆菌的分类和鉴定具有一定的意义。     

强啡肽抑制离体血管收缩效应的机制

用离体血管电场刺激收缩模型观察到强啡肽明显抑制电场刺激引起的兔耳中心动脉及兔肠系膜上动脉的收缩效应,且呈剂量反应关系,而对股动脉的电场刺激收缩反应无明显影响,强啡肽抑制血管收缩达50％时的用量(IC_(50)值)分别为8.5±1.2×10~(-6)mol/L、5.02±1.3×10~(-7)mol/L及>10~(-6)mol/L。 用药物分析法看到,酚妥拉明(10~(-6)mol/L)可取消电场刺激及去甲肾上腺素引起的血管收缩作用,而强啡肽仅抑制电场刺激致血管收缩作用。 用HPLC法测定孵育液中去甲肾上腺素的含量变化时看到,应用强啡肽(5×10~(-7)mol/L)后孵育液中去甲肾上腺素的含量从对照组的340.56±73.13pg/ml下降至67.91±10.26pg/ml,两组差别有极显著意义(P<0.01)。纳洛酮(10~(-6)mol/L)可完全拮抗强啡肽的这一抑制效应。 以上结果提示强啡肽可能通过抑制交感神经末梢释放去甲肾上腺素,从而产生抑制血管的收缩作用。     

巯基物质在消炎痛诱发大鼠胃粘膜损伤中的作用

本工作研究了巯基物质在消炎痛引起大鼠胃粘膜损伤中的可能作用。在胃粘膜损伤发生过程中、胃粘膜内非蛋白及蛋白结合的巯基物质含量均无明显降低。虽然半胱胺灌胃(132或264μmol)或皮下注射(132μmol)后均明显抑制消炎痛溃疡的发生,其抑制率分别为82％,92％和75％,但同样具有巯基的半胱氨酸却无保护作用。半胱胺(132μmol)皮下注射可使消炎痛大鼠胃酸分泌抑制46％,而灌胃则无此作用。两种途径给予的半胱胺均不影响胃壁结合粘液的分泌。这些结果表明,胃粘膜内巯基物质似不参与消炎痛的致溃疡过程。半胱胺在此种模型上虽有强烈的细胞保护作用,但似乎不是由于其分子上所带的巯基所致。因此,巯基物质在消炎痛引起的胃粘膜损伤模型上没有细胞保护作用。     

嗜热栖热菌HB 8耐热α-葡萄糖苷酶的提纯和性质

嗜热栖热菌HB 8(Thermus thermophilus<.I> H8 8 )的耐热α-葡萄糖苷酶(α-glucosidaseEC．.2.1.20)经硫酸铵分步沉淀、DEAE-纤维素柱层析和垂直板制备凝胶电泳提纯,经盘状凝胶电泳鉴定为单一区带,比活提高17倍。酶作用最适温度80℃,最适pH5．8,分子量67000,等电点Pl为4.5。该酶能够水解对硝基酚α--D-葡萄糖苷(PNPG)、蔗糖和麦芽糖,但不水解纤维二糖、蜜二糖、可溶性淀粉。酶作用于PNPG的米氏常数(Km)为0.4mmol／L,最大反应速度Vmax为0.29umol·nmin-1·mg-1。金属离子Mg2+、Mn2+、Ca2+和Ba2+对酶有激活怍用,Hg2+和Cu2+有强烈抑制作用。酶表现出极好的热稳定性,在90℃保温10小时后,仍保留90％的原始酶活力,在95℃的失活半寿期(t1/2)为108分钟．经蛋白质侧链化学修饰研究表明,羧基和组氨酸残基为其表现话力所必需。     

睾丸间质细胞—研究自体吞噬的一种正常细胞模型

In the present study, we tried to estimate, in a semiquantitative way, the relative frequency of the autophagic activity in various cell types under physiological condition. The results indicated that the highest activity appeared to be in the Leydig cells of rat testes. Autophagosomes were frequently observed in electron microscope photographs of Leydig cells, which provide a good model to study the autophagocytosis in normal cells. The autophagic process in Leydig cells was observed with the electron microscope in preparations treated to show CMPase activity. The mode of formation of autophagosomes in Leydig cells can be divided into three steps. Step 1, flattened membranous elements expand to enclose a small cytoplasmic territory to form pre-autophagosome. Step 2, The double membrane profile of the pre-autophagosome then completely encloses the cytoplasmic territory to form early autophagosome in which structurally normal organelles are contained. Step 3, the transformation of an early autophagosome into a late one is accompanied by the loss of one of the two delimiting membranes, the partial disintegration of the enclosed content and simultaneous acquisition of acid phosphatase activity. The enzymatic reactivity is acquired following a close association with the lysosomes. The late autophagosome then reaches the cell surface and appear to exocytose their residual content.