酸性矿坑废水及目前研究酸性矿坑废水微生物群落的方法

本文通过对近期文献综述,阐明了酸性矿坑废水（Acid Mine Drainage,AMD）的形成机理以及AMD的微生物多样性。综述了AMD形成过程中的硫化金属矿、黄铁矿以及白铁矿的氧化作用,同时对影响AMD形成的化学、生物学以及物理因素及其过程进行了较为详尽的阐述。对目前使用分子生物学对AMD中微生物群落研究的几种手段进行的总结。最后对研究AMD微生物群落这几种分子生物学方法进行了归纳讨论。阐明了这几种分子生物方法对研究AMD微生物群落的重要意义。     

HPLC法测定黑龙江省不同地区刺五加紫丁香苷的含量

刺五加(Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. Et Maxim.)Harms)是五加科植物,是全球畅销的植物药之一,含有大量生物活性物质,其中所含有的刺五加苷类具有抗疲劳、抗衰老、抑制肿瘤生长等作用,紫丁香苷则是其中的主要活性成分之一。用HPLC法测定黑龙江省不同地区刺五加中紫丁香苷的含量,确定了刺五加紫丁香苷用超声波提取 1.5 h、60%甲醇作提取溶剂、提取温度为55℃的最佳提取条件组合。HPLC条件则是以检测波长为266 nm、流动相为甲醇/水（V/V）=28/72、流速为1 mL·min^-1、柱温为25℃。对黑龙江省不同地区类似生境条件下,同龄野生刺五加中紫丁香苷的含量进行比较,在所调查的7个地区中,以五营丰林国家自然保护区的生长在红松原始林下的刺五加紫丁香苷含量最高,五大连池雪洞风景区和牡丹江镜泊湖地区的刺五加紫丁香苷的含量最低。该研究结果对刺五加的采集和种植生境的选择具有积极的指导意义。     

重症监护患者病原菌感染及耐药性分析

目的：了解重症监护患者感染的病原菌及其耐药特点,为临床防治感染提供依据。方法：对我院ICU1998年1月-2000年1月所有分离的细菌菌株、真菌菌株及细菌耐药性进行回顾性调查。结果：医院内感染仍以G^-菌为主占83.3%,其次为真菌11.1%,G^ 菌5.5%。G^-菌以不动杆菌属为主,占26.7%。G^ 菌以金黄色葡萄球菌（金葡菌）为主。金葡菌中耐苯唑青霉素的金葡萄（MRSA）占66.6%,表皮葡萄球菌（表葡萄）中耐苯唑青霉素的表葡菌（MRSE）占33.3%。真菌以白色念珠菌为主占80.0%。在细菌耐药性方面,G^-菌对泰能的耐药率最低为2.6%。结论：重症监护患者感染病原菌以G^-菌为主,真菌和G^ 菌与应引起重视,且大多数病原菌耐药率较高,使临床经验性选择抗生素治疗医院感染非常困难。     

花粉作为外源基因媒介的植物遗传转化

以花粉作为２外源ＤＮＡ的媒介,获得转基因植株是有潜力的遗传转化体系,它可避免离体培养过程中的遗传变异和转基因植株的嵌合现象。本文介绍以花粉为外源基因的载体,利用植物有性生殖过程和小孢子胚胎发生两条途径进行植物遗传转化的研究进展。     

香连片联合三联疗法根除十二指肠溃疡患者幽门螺杆菌感染的临床比较研究

目的:通过与短程三联方法比较,观察香连片联合三联疗法根除十二指肠溃疡患者幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染的根除率和治疗十二指肠溃疡的疗效.方法:120例经胃镜检查确诊为十二指肠溃疡活动期并经快速尿素酶试验和血清杭Hp杭体(ELASE)或病理学检查确定为Hp阳性的患者分为4组:OACX组(奥美拉唑20mg+阿莫西林1000mg+克拉霉素250mg+香连片5片)、OMCX组(奥美拉唑20mg+甲硝唑400mg+克拉霉素250mg+香连片5片),OAC组(奥美拉唑20mg+阿莫西林1OOOmg+克拉霉素250mg)和OMC组(奥美拉唑20mg+甲硝唑400mg+克拉霉素250mg),每日2次,连续7天.然后单独奥美拉唑20mg,每日1次,连续28天,并于用药结束后第28-56天内作13C-尿素呼气试验判断Hp根除率的效果.同时在用药后第1、2、3、7、21和35天对患者的上腹痛、反酸以及上腹烧灼感等症状进行评估.结果:108例患者完成全部治疗方案,12例失访.Hp根除率检查结果显示OACX组的Hp根除率为92.9%(26/28)OMCX组为85.7%(24/28),OAC组为66.7%(18/27)和OMC组为60.0%(15/25).4组间差异有显著性(P<0.01).症状改善情况:4组从用药第1天起均能有效改善患者的上腹痛、反酸、上腹烧灼感等症状,但是,OACX组和OMCX组的总得分下降幅度均显著高于OAC和OMC组(P<0.05-0.01).结论:OACX组和OMCX组对Hp具有相当高的根除率OACX组和OMCX组方案是适合我国国情的根除Hp行之有效的方案,而且,缓解十二指肠溃疡患者的症状,OACX组和OMCX组亦为优.     

Muscle injection of rAAV/mFIX to secrete clotting factor IX corrects the hemorrhagic tendencies in hemophilia B mice

Recombinant AAV particles of high titer (>1013 virus genome/mL) were prepared according to the rHSV/AAV helper virus method. After intramuscular injection of viral vectors in the hind limb, a sustained elevated level (>370 ng/mL) of murine FIX expression in the plasma of hemophilia B mouse was detected and persisted for more than 350 days. The biological activity reached 30% of normal levels, and bleeding symptoms in the treated mice were significantly alleviated. No anti-FIX antibody (inhibitor) was detected, though anti-AAV antibodies were found at a very low level after single injection. Repeated injection with rAAV/mFIX led to a variation in anti-AAV antibody levels between the two groups which had received different doses. Results from tissue analysis confirmed the skeletal muscle as the origin for circulating functional mFIX. Our results suggest that AAV-mediated gene transfer offers a promising method of gene therapy for hemophilia B.     

Gene therapy for hemophilia B mediated by recombinant adeno-associated viral vector with hFIXR338A, a high catalytic activity mutation of human coagulation factor IX

A mutant human factor IX with arginine at 338 residual changed to alanine (hFIXR338A) by site-directed mutagenesis was introduced into AAV vectors, and a recombinant adeno-associ- ated viral vector containing hFIXR338A, prepared by rHSV/AAV hybrid helper virus system, was directly introduced to the hind leg muscle of factor IX knock out mice. The expression and the biological activity of human factor IX mutant, hFIXR338A, and the immune response against it in the treated mice were assayed and detected. The results showed that (i) the high-level expression of human factor IX mutant protein, hFIXR338A, has been detected in rAAV-hFIXR338A treated hemophilia B mice and lasted more than 15 weeks; (ii) the clotting activity of hFIXR338A in plasma is 34.2%± 5.23%, which is remarkably higher than that of (14.27% ± 3.4%) of wild type hFIX treated mice in the activated partial thromboplastin assay; (iii) immune response against factor IX R338A was absent, with no factor IX mutant protein (hFIXR338A) inhibitors development in the treated mice; and (iv) no local or systemic side-effects and toxicity associated with the gene transfer were found. It demonstrated the potential use of treating hemophilia B by recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors with mutant hFIXR338A gene, an alternative strategy for hemophilia B gene therapy to wild-type human factor IX.     

中国低额溞属二新种和二新纪录（甲壳纲：双甲目：溞科）

本文描述了中国枝角类科低额属的两个新种：黑龙江低额Ｓｉｍｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｈｅｉｏｎｇｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和北安低额Ｓｉｍｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｂｅｉａｎｅｎｓｉｓｂｅｉａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．及两个中国新记录种．     

蛇肌醛缩酶中巯基的研究

用DTNB为修饰试剂,较为详细地研究了蛇肌醛缩酶各类巯基的反应性能与作用。蛇肌醛缩酶由四个亚基组成,在尿素存在下,酶分子总的巯基数为32;而天然醛缩酶中仅测定到16个巯基,同时酶活性丧失。此外观察到天然醛缩酶中有4个对DTNB呈快速反应的巯基,它们的被修饰并不影响活性。底物存在情况下,天然蛇肌醛缩酶中,仅测到10个巯基,而酶活性基本上不受影响,这表明有6个巯基被底物所保护,这6个巯基可能就是表现酶催化活性所必需的巯基。在底物存在情况下,用NEMI修饰蛇肌醛缩酶,然后加入巯基乙醇停止反应,过量的试剂借透析除去,此时修饰了的酶制剂仍保留着绝大部分活性。再用DTNB去检测巯基,可测定到6个,同时活性也丧失了。当可逆地除去DTNB时,酶活性又重新逐渐恢复。此实验进一步支持蛇肌醛缩酶中有6个巯基是表现活性所必需的。我们过去工作指出蛇肌醛缩酶构型稍不同于兔肌醛缩酶,目前结果表明蛇肌醛缩酶的四个亚基的对称性可能不是完全相同的。