水稻矮化相关基因的研究进展

矮秆水稻的培育成功是20世纪农业最主要的成就之一.本文综述了水稻矮化相关基因的遗传学、激素对矮化基因突变体的调控以及矮化相关基因的克隆等方面的研究进展,并分析了利用基因工程手段控制农作物生长的巨大潜能.     

Cloning and Expression Pattern of a Gene Encoding a Putative Plastidic ATP/ADP Transporter from Helianthus tuberosus L.

Herein, we report the cloning and molecular characterization of a full cDNA encoding a putative plastidic ATP/ADP transporter, designated HtAATP, for Helianthus tuberosus L. The ATP/ADP translocator protein was isolated from the tuber-cDNA library of H. tuberosus for the first time. The predicted HtAATP protein was judged as a plastidic ATP/ADP translocator protein from its high homology at the amino acid sequence level to the two Arabidopsis thaliana plastidic ATP/ADP translocator proteins AATP1 and AATP2 （84.8% and 79.9% identity, respectively）. Amino acid sequence analysis of the primary structure of HtAATP revealed that it belonged to the plastidic ATP/ADP transporter family. Hydropathy prediction indicated that HtAATP gene product is a highly hydrophobic membrane protein that contains 10 transmembrane domains to form a spanning topology. Southern blotting analysis showed that the HtAATP gene is a single-copy gene in the H. tuberosus genome. Tissue distribution analysis showed that the HtAATP gene is prominently expressed in sink tissues. A stable expression pattern in tubers at different developmental stages implies an active involvement of HtAATP during carbohydrate formation.     

Cyclocarya cf. paliurus （Batal.） Iljinskaja （Juglandaceae） from the Hunchun Formation （Eocene）, Jilin Province, China

The leaflet architecture of Cyclocarya cf. paliurus （Batal.） Iljinskaja from the Hunchun Formation （Middle Eocene） shows similarity to that of modem C. paliurus （Batal.） Iljinskaja and the specimen is the oldest fossil record in Europe and Asia. The distributions of C. cf. paliurus and other fossil records, such as Glyptostrobus, Metasequoia, Nyssa, and Liquidambar, in Hunchun flora show that it would have been a warmer-temperature to subtropical climate in Hunchun District during the Eocene period.     

Characterization and catabolic genes analyses of oil-degrading Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1217

One oil-degrading bacterial strain 1217 isolated from oil contaminated soil could degrade crude oil. It was identified and designated as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by morphology, physiology, biochemical and 16S rDNA sequence analyses. The strain grew well at 5-65 ℃ with the initial pH of 2-10 and NaCl concentrations of 0%-9%. It grew well in the medium containing different organic substrates as sole carbon sources, such as n-dodecane, n-octadecane, benzene, toluene, xylene and naphthaline. The degrading rates for hydrocarbons were 21.57% and 15.15% when it was cultured in minimal medium containing crude oil and different chain alkanes at 30 ℃ and 10 ℃ for 7 days. The bacterium produced biosurfactants with the surface tension reduction from 72.20 mN/m to 35.14 mN/m. The oil degrading related genes such as alkane monooxygenase, toluene dioxygenase, biphenyl dioxygenase, ring hydroxylating dioxygenase and oxidoreductase genes were detected in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1217. The alkane monooxygenase and ring hydroxylating dioxygenase genes were further cloned and analyzed. The sequence similarities of the two genes with those of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 were 99.91% and 99.22% respectively. The isolated strain exhibits great potential for the bioremediation of the hydrocarbons contaminated environments.     

Sliding resistance of plates with bionic bumpy surface against soil

1 Introduction The study of the non-smooth surface of animals isone of the focused research activities in turbulentbiomimetic drag reduction during the past three de-cades [1 í 4] . It was found that a turbulent boundary layeron a surface with ribs could develop a lower shear stressthan that on a smooth surface. Wind tunnel studies ofmodel humpback whale flippers, by Miklosovic et al.(2004), demonstrated enhanced capabilities due to thepresence of tubercles. Without tubercl…     

The Fate of Mitochondria in Ibex-hirus Reconstructed Early Embryos

Nuclear transfer can be used to maintain limited popu-lations of highly endangered species [1–3] . Especiallywhen the oocytes of these species are difficult to obtain,inter-species nuclear transfer seems more appropriate forthis goal. The main methods are as follows: somatic cellis injected directly or fused by electroporation with re-cipient enucleated oocyte. Therefore, nDNA as well asmtDNA ought to be transferred totally or partially to theoocyte. Mitochondria provides adenosine triphos…     

啮齿动物基于气味线索的亲属识别研究进展Ⅰ：进化和行为生态学

亲属识别是指生物体对同种其他个体亲属关系加以区分并产生亲属偏向的激素、神经和行为以及心理过程,是社会性动物的重要属性之一,与利亲行为和配偶选择密切相关.对亲属识别的理解,为解释物种间在亲属模式、配偶选择以及近交回避等方面的变异提供重要理论依据.嗅觉通讯是啮齿动物社交识别的重要手段.本文从气味源的种类及功能、信息素的功能、亲属识别能力以及机制4个方面综述了当前的研究进展.     

Morphological and molecular characterization of Alternaria isolates on fruits of Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. ＂Ya Li＂

A total of 123 Alternaria isolates were obtained from roting fruits of Pyrus bretschneideri ＂Ya Li＂ collected in Hebei Province, China. The isolates, according to morphological characteristics of conidia and sporulation patterns, were segregated into four groups： A. alternata group, A. tenuissima group, A. yaliinficiens group and Alternaria sp. group. Molecular characteristics of part of the isolates were determined using random amplified polymorphism DNA （RAPD） analysis. Based on cluster analysis of RAPD data, large- and small-spored Alternaria spp. were evidently distinguished, and the small-spored species can form five clusters that fundamentally paralleled the morphological groupings.     

内蒙古蒙古族人群DYS413基因座的多态性分布

为 调查DYS413(YCAⅢ) 基因座在内蒙古蒙古族人群中的分布情况,为其应用于法医学和人类遗传学研究提供依据,采集了120例内蒙古蒙古族男性无关个体静脉血,EDTA抗凝,用酚-氯仿法抽提DNA,PCR扩增DYS413基因座,6%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,1‰硝酸银(AgNO3)染色分型。 在120例内蒙古蒙古族男性人群中共检出30个不同的单倍型,其频率介于0.0007至0.01361之间,其HD(单倍型多样性)值为0.94054。表明DYS413基因座在内蒙古蒙古族人群中分布好,对法医学和人类遗传学研究具有重要价值。Abstract： In order to provide the evidence for the application of DYS413(YCAⅢ) locus in forensic medicine and population genetics by investigating its polymorphism in the Mongolians lived in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, to collect 120 unrelated male Mongolians’ venous blood, who lived in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the blood is anticoagulant with EDTA, then to extract DNA by using the method of phenol-chloroform and amplify the DYS413 locus with PCR. The products were separated with 6% non-denatured polyacrylamide/bisacrylamide gels(19:1) electrophoresis and stained with 1‰ nitrate of silver(AgNO3). There are total 30 different haplotypes in Mongolians, the frequencies are from 0.0007 to 0.01361, the HD(haplotype diversity) is 0.94054. It shows that DYS413 locus is high valuable in the application of forensic medicine and population genetics.