哺乳动物早期胚胎体外发育阻滞的研究进展

哺乳动物胚胎在体外培养中普遍存在早期发育阻滞的现象.对此,人们用形态学、生物化学、分子生物学、显微操作等手段开展了磷酸、葡萄糖、次黄嘌呤和细胞质因素对早期胚胎发育阻滞的影响的研究.本文综合分析了共培养系统的优缺点.说明了采用完全成分已知的培养液对进行有关研究的必要性.列出了有效运用于克服小鼠、大鼠、仓鼠、兔、猪、羊、牛、猴等动物早期胚胎阻滞的成分已知的培养液的名称。 Abstract:The early embryo developmental block is a common phenomenon in mammal when embryos are cultured in vitro.Many studies of phosphorus,glucose,hypoxanthine and cytoplasmic factors on early embryo developmental block carried out by different methods such as morphology,biochemistry,molecular biology and micromanipulation have been reviewed.The merit and shortcoming were analyzed and the necessity of using simple or components limited media overcoming early embryo developmental block were also reviewed.Media that have been shown effective in overcoming early embryo developmental block in mouse,rat,hamster,rabbit,pig,sheep,cattle and monkey were listed.     

Isolation of Fucoxanthin from the Rhizoid of Laminaria japonica Aresch

Fucoxanthin was extracted from the intact rhizoid of Laminariajaponica Aresch with dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO）, and then recovered from the DMSO extract by partitioning into ethyl acetate and subsequent evaporation. Some isolation conditions such as solvent volume and extraction time were screened. The quantity and quality of the extracted fucoxanthin were determined by spectral analysis （absorption spectra and fluorescence emission spectra）. The results indicated that： （1） the average total content of fucoxanthin was 122.1μg in 1 g of fresh L. japonica rhizoid; （2） in comparison with the widely used organic solvent, acetone, DMSO was much more effective for the extraction of fucoxanthin; （3） both DMSO volume and extraction time influenced extraction efficiency such as the recovery rate and purity of fucoxanthin （1 g of fresh L. japonica rhizoid treated with 4 mL DMSO for 60 min, yielded 〉 88% of the total fucoxanthin with purity 0.63）; （4） when （NH4）2SO4 concentration was in the range of 0.5-1.0 mol/L, the pigments rapidly and entirely moved from DMSO into the ethyl acetate phase; （5） the ethyl acetate and DMSO were recycled using a rotary evaporator.     

Creation of Transgenic Bananas Expressing Human Lysozyme Gene for Panama Wilt Resistance

Human lysozyme （HL） inhibits Fusarium oxysporum （FocR4） growth in vitro. To obtain transgenic bananas （Musa spp.） that are resistant to Panama wilt （F. oxysporum）, we introduced an HL gene that is driven by a constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter into the banana via Agrobacteriummediated transformation. PCR confirmed that 51 transgenic plants were obtained. The development of Panama wilt symptoms were examined after the plants had been grown in pots. The non-transgenic plants developed typical fusarium symptoms 60 d after FocR4 inoculation, whereas 24 of 51 transgenic plants remained healthy. The transgenic banana plants that showed resistance to FocR4 in the pots were then planted in a field that was heavily infected with FocR4 for further investigation. Eleven of 24 plants devel- oped symptoms before bud emergence; another 11 plants showed symptoms after bud emergence and the remaining two plants, H-67 and H-144, remained healthy and were able to fruit. Northern blotting analysis demonstrated that H-67 and H-144, bearing the strongest resistance to Panama wilt, had the highest level of HL expression and that the expression of HL was well correlated with the FocR4 resistance of transgenic plants. We conclude that Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, with the assistance of particle bombardment, is a powerful approach for banana transformation and that a transgenic HL gene can cause resistance of the crop to FocR4 in the field.     

抑癌蛋白PTEN的原核表达、抑癌活性研究和抗体制备

PTEN是具有蛋白质和酯类双重特异性磷酸酶活性的抑癌蛋白,在肿瘤治疗中具有广阔的应用前景。鉴于原核表达PTEN蛋白并用于抑癌实验的研究尚未见报道,因此尝试利用大肠杆菌表达有活性的PTEN蛋白,检测其抑癌效果。利用本室克隆的PTEN基因cDNA和原核表达载体pET44a( )分别构建带6×His和Nus标签的两种诱导型原核融合表达载体pETPTEN和pETNusPTEN,在不同的大肠杆菌表达宿主BL21(DE3)(简写为BL)和Rosettagami(DE3)pLysS(简写为RG)中诱导表达。SDSPAGE和Westernblot检测表明:在可溶性组分和包涵体中均含有目的蛋白,在BL中目的蛋白的表达量较高(18.7%)而在RG中可溶性蛋白的比例较高(6.6%)。经纯化和包涵体蛋白复性处理后,重组融合蛋白经Chariot转运入小鼠实体瘤及人前列腺癌DU145细胞。抑癌实验表明:与对照组相比,重组PTEN蛋白对小鼠实体瘤的生长抑制率为58.76%;对癌细胞DU145的生长抑制率可达46.16%;并可导致明显的G0G1期阻滞,其中在宿主RG中表达的重组蛋白抑癌效果明显高于BL宿主中表达的目的蛋白。证实在原核系统中表达的重组PTEN蛋白具有抑癌活性,同时制备了PTEN的高效价腹水多抗,为深入研究PTEN蛋白在癌症治疗中的应用打下了良好的基础。     

北京地区野生大豆种群SSR标记的遗传多样性评价

 使用40对SSR引物分析了北京地区野生大豆(Glycine soja)天然种群的遗传结构与遗传多样性。10个种群共检测到526个等位变异, 平均每对引物等位基因数为13.15个, 种群平均Shannon指数(I)为0.658, 群体平均位点预期杂合度(H_e)为0.369, 群体平均位点杂合度(H_o)为1.29 %。平均种群内遗传多样度(H_s)为0.362, 平均种群间遗传多样度(D_ST)为0.446, 基因分化程度(G_ST)为0.544。该研究显示, 中-西部生态区种群比北部和东部山区种群有较高的遗传多样性。在地理上, 环绕北京地区的太行山和燕山两大余脉区域野生大豆种群遗传分化表现出地理差异。可能是经过干旱选择而形成的有抗旱潜力的种群在遗传上表现单一化。期待该种群提供耐旱基因。     

多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌同源性分析

目的研究台州医院中心重症监护病房（ICU）及脑外重症监护病房（SICU）2006年1月出现的多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌（MDR-AB）的耐药性、碳青霉烯酶基因型及同源性。方法运用VITEK-60全自动微生物仪对分离自2006年1月ICU和SICU患者多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌8株进行菌种的重新鉴定,采用微量板稀释法测定β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、氟喹喏酮类等17种抗菌药物的体外最低抑菌浓度（MIC）（其中头孢哌酮／舒巴坦、美洛配能采用K-B法测定耐药性）。采用PCR对8株菌株进行OXA型碳青霉烯酶基因型检测,运用脉冲场凝胶电泳分析菌株的同源性。结果8株菌株仅对头孢哌酮／舒巴坦敏感,对头孢菌素类、氨基糖苷类、氟喹喏酮类和碳青霉烯类等抗菌药物均显示出较高水平的耐药;8株菌株均产OXA-23型碳青霉烯酶;脉冲场凝胶电泳证实其为同一克隆。结论本组鲍曼不动杆菌为多重耐药株,同一克隆株在不同感染个体的相互传播,导致了这次院内感染的流行。     

脂多糖诱导肝细胞HepG2释放HMGB-1的研究

观察小剂量LPS(lipopolysaccharide)刺激下非坏死HepG2细胞是否存在HMGB1(high mobility group box-1 protein)移位及释放.以终浓度为100μg/L的LPS作用HepG2和RAW264.7细胞0、4、8、12、16、20、24h.LPS作用16~24h,HepG2和RAW264.7细胞培养上清中均可以检测到明显的HMGB1,与对照组差别有显著性(P<0.05).而MTT法和上清中LDH(lactate dehydrogenase)含量测定显示,LPS处理24h的HepG2存活率仍然非常高.免疫荧光观察到HMGB1的释放伴随着其从细胞核向胞浆的移位.由此可见,经LPS诱导,非坏死状态的HepG2细胞可发生HMGB1的移位及释放.     

紫花苜蓿逆境胁迫诱导相关转录因子MsDREB1基因克隆与分析

利用RT-PCR方法,从紫花苜蓿中扩增得到一个新的转录因子MsDREB1基因cDNA,克隆该cDNA并进行序列分析,结果表明该cDNA包含一个长651bp的开放阅读框,编码一条含216个氨基酸的多肽,分子量约为24．9kDa,等电点为6．11。蛋白质Blast数据显示,该多肽属于EREBP／AP2家族DNA结合蛋白的典型成员。进一步克隆了该基因的基因组DNA,序列分析表明该基因无内含子。Southern blot分析表明,该基因在紫花苜蓿基因组中以2拷贝存在。     

The Syndrome of Sea Cucumber （Apostichopusjaponicus） Infected by Virus and Bacteria

A outbreak of disease with symptoms of evisceration and skin ulteration led to mass mortality in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus cultivated in indoor ponds near the Dalian coast from December 2004 to April 2005. Spherical virus particles with a diameter of 75-200 nm were found in the cytoplasm of cells in the water-system, the alimentary canal and in the respiratory trees of the diseased and dying sea cucumber individuals by electron microscopic observation of ultrathin sections. Examination by negative stained samples revealed that all the diseased sea cucumbers were infected by the virus, while the healthly ones cultivated outside the contagious area were not. Two bacterial strains were also isolated from the diseased animals. When exposed to a medium containing the virus particles, regardless of whether the bacterial suspension was added, healthy sea cucumbers exhibited identical disease symptoms as the ones in the indoor ponds, and had a mortality of 90%-100%. However, when exposed to a medium in which there was only one of the two bacterial strains, 30%-80% of the sea cucumbers were infected and nearly 20% died. Negative staining showed that the viral particles were detected only in the bodies of the tested animals that were exposed to the viral medium Histopathologically, the diseased sea cucumbers are characterized by karyopycnosis, and disintegration of the endoplasmic reticula and mitochondria in the epithelial cells in the water-system, the respiratory tree and the alimentary canal.     

江苏省盐城滩涂野生动物资源调查研究

盐城滩涂野生动物资源丰富.据调查和现有资料统计,共有脊椎动物743 种,其中兽类31种,鸟类394 种,爬行类26 种,两栖类8 种,鱼类284 种,区系成分以古北界种占明显优势.有国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物17 种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物79 种,而且是保护丹顶鹤Grus japonensis、麋鹿Elaphurus davidianus等珍稀物种的关键地区.对盐城滩涂野生动物资源的特点进行了分析.