上位性对光敏核不育水稻不育性不稳定性的影响

In this study the authors selected two indica photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile (PSGMS) rice (Oryza sativa L.), Peiai 64S (the sterility is stable) and 8902S (the sterility is instable), and their F1,F2 populations. The genetic basis for sterile stability of PSGMS lines was studied under long-day low-temperature environments and different ecological conditions, and the genes which affected the sterile stability were mapped using RFLP analysis. The major results are as follows: The sterility instability of PSGMS lines was controlled by minor effective genes. The linkage map of Peiai 64S and 8902S has been constructed. According to Mapmaker/QTL program, seven QTLs were identified that influence the sterile stability for PSGMS lines under the long-day condition, such as L2, L3a, L3b, L5, L6, L7 and L10. They were located on the chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 10 of the rice linkage map, respectively. The interaction was detected under different long-day conditions and affected the sterility stability of PSGMS. The major interactions were between additive and additive and between additive and dominance. The variances explained of epistasis were between 2.04% and 11.94%. The repeatability of the interaction was very high under different long-day conditions. The implications of these findings in hybrid rice development are also discussed.     

上位性对光敏核不育水稻不育性不稳定性的影响

以来源于农垦５８Ｓ的籼型光敏核不育水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｗａ Ｌ．）培矮６４Ｓ（长日低温下不育性稳定）和８９０２Ｓ（长日低温下不育性不稳定）及其人Ｆ１、Ｆ２群体为材料,通过长日低温和不同长日生态条件的７种处理,并结合ＲＦＬＰ分子标准记,研究了影响光敏核不育基因的育性不稳定性的遗传及其基因定位和基因互作对其育性不稳定性的影响。结果表明：影响光敏核不育基因的育性不稳定性表现为微效基因的作用,定位了     

有利基因和有利的基因互作能够提高籼粳杂种育性

利用一套籼粳交ＤＨ系与两份具有广亲和性的水稻光（温）敏核不育系测交,构建两个测交Ｆ１群体,同时用９２个多型性的ＲＦＬＰ标记分析了杂交亲本和另外３０个不同类型的籼、粳品种（对照组）的基因型。利用对照组籼或粳表型与分子标记的关联性,检测出４１个与籼粳分化高度相关的ＲＦＬＰ标记。结果表明,８７．８％的这种标记参与了对杂种优势显著或极显著的影响,表明在水稻的演化过程中,参与适应性进化的基因与控制经济产量的     

水稻株高和抽穗期基因的定位和分离

利用241个重组自交系构成的群体,对水稻（Oryza sativaL.)株高和抽穗期进行基因定位,三年共定位到4个抽穗期的数量性状基因（QTLs)和4个株高OTLs,其中位于第7染色体C1023-R1440区间的QTL3年均可检测到,且效应大,同时影响株高和抽穗期。为了区分这个区间的QTL是一因多效还是紧密连锁的两个QTLs,从自交系群体里选取QTL区间来自明恢63,其他遗传背景与珍汕97高度相似的自交系RⅡ50,与珍汕97回交,获得含有363个单株的近等基因系BC1F2群体。考察株高和抽穗期。两个性状在群体里表现为双峰分布,它们的分离比符合期望的单基因盂德尔遗传分离比,BC1E2群体单株的株高和抽穗期基本表现为矮秆早抽穗,高秆迟抽穗,但是,6个单株表现相反的情况,以上结果证明,QTL能够作为盂德尔因子进行研究,在BC1F2群体里,株高和抽穗期是由单个基因控制的,第7染色体上是两个紧密连锁的基因分别控制株高和抽穗期。     

上位性效应是水稻杂种优势的重要遗传基础

利用生产上广泛应用的优良杂交组合汕优 6 3的分离群体 ,对 1 5 1个分子标记位点构建覆盖整个水稻基因组的遗传连锁图谱 .在此基础上 ,用 2 40个F_2∶3 家系的 2年田间试验数据定位分析了影响产量及其构成因子的数量性状位点 (QTLs)和上位性效应 . 2年共定位了 32个QTLs控制产量及其构成性状 ,其中 1 2个QTLs在2年均被检测到 .同时 ,发现大量显著上位性效应广泛存在于基因组中影响着这些性状 .分析表明 ,上位性效应是影响产量性状表现和杂种优势形成的重要遗传基础     

Epistasis plays an important role as genetic basis of heterosis in rice

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作物数量性状基因研究进展

分子生物技术的发展对作物数量性状基因(QTL)研究提供了条件,不同的定位群体各有其特点,相继出现的QTL定位方法也逐步完善.大量的研究揭示了QTL的基本特征,剖析了重要农艺性状的遗传基础,给作物遗传改良带来了新的策略,不断深入的研究已经完成了特定QTL的精细定位和克隆.本文从QTL的定位群体,定位方法,研究现状,精细定位与克隆,以及QTL利用等方面对作物数量性状基因的研究进行了综述。 Abstract:With the rapid development of molecular biotechnology,QTL analyses were executed for a lot of important agronomic traits in many crops.Different experimental populations and mapping methods had their own advantages in QTL analysis.Amounts of studies paid attention to locate the QTLs for important traits,and others tried to disect the genetic bases using molecular markers.Near isogenic lines were the best populations for QTL fine mapping and positional cloning,A few studies had been reported their results on materials with improvement traits using marker-assisted selection.This paper summarizes the recent progress on QTL mapping populations and methods,the status of QTL locating,QTL fine mapping and positional cloning,and QTL.application in breeding.     

RFLP、RAPD、AFLP在水稻农垦58S和1514中多态性比较

本文用RFLP、RAPD和AFLP三种分子标记技术对农垦58SX1514组合及其F2极性集团进行了分 析,比较了它们多态性和阳性的比率,结果显示,三种分子标记的多态性和与目的基因连锁的阳性比率分别为19.93% , 5.23% ;11.17% , 0.76%和86.47% , 7.52%。AFLP的多态性比率和阳性比率均为最高。分析探讨了三种分子标记技术的优缺点及其在区间高分辨率作图和筛选与目的基因连锁标记中的运用。     

pms3 is the locus causing the original photoperiod-sensitive male sterility mutation of‘Nongken 58S'

Photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile (PSGMS) rice is a very useful germplasm for hybrid rice development. It was first found as a spontaneous mutant in a japonica cultivar 'Nongken 58'. pms3 on chromosome 12 was determined to be the locus where the original PSGMS mutation occurred, changing the normal cultivar Nongken 58 to PSGMS Nongken 58S. Large amounts of RAPD and AFLP analyses were also conducted for the fine mapping of the pms3 genomic region, which resulted in 4 molecular markers linked to pms3. Although these markers somewhat increased the marker density of this region, the pms3 locus is still located in a marker-sparse region.     

作物数量性状基因研究进展

分子生物技术的发展对作物数量性状基因（QTL）研究提供了条件,不同的定位群体各有其特点,相继出现的QTL定位也逐步完善。大量的研究揭示了QTL的基本特征,剖析了重要农艺4性状的遗传基础,给作物遗传改良带来了新的策略,不断深入的研究已经完成了特定的QTL的精细定位和克隆。本从QTL的定位群体,定位方法,研究现状,精细定位与克隆,以及QTL利用等方面对作物数量性状基因的研究进行了综述。