蚕豆特矮秆突变体的遗传研究

用在国内首次发现的蚕豆特矮秆突变体的优良后代“鄂农 82矮”及高秆品种“启豆1号”为亲本, 研究了株高及其与株高密切有关的两个性状──节间长和节数的遗传。结果表明:株高、节间长、节数3个性状受核基因控制,不存在任何形式的母性遗传。供试双亲株高性状存在一对基因的差异,我们用Df-df表示这一基因座的两个等位基因,高秆亲本基因型为Df Df,矮秆亲本的基因型为dfdf,高秆对矮秆为显性。数量遗传分析表明,3个性状的遗传均符合加性显性模型,株高、节长的加性效应和显性效应都很重要,显性度接近于1。节数仅受加性效应控制,显性效应不显著。Abstract:DwarF Enong 82,which derived from the unique dwarf mutant discovered in China,was crossed with the commercial broad bean cultivar Qidou 1.From the crossing six basic generations were generated for studing the genetical behaviors of plant height and two related characters i.e. node length and number of nodes.The results showed that the three characters were governed by nuclear genes.The difference in plant height between two parents was related to a loci,which was designated Df-df.Generation mean analyses revealed that the additive-dominance model was adequate to interpreting the inheritance of the three characters.The estimates of number of genes controlling these characterswere the same astheresults with Mendlian methods.     

应用多重PCR技术检测性器官异常患者的性别决定基因

采用针对人SRY基因及X与Y染色体同源序列的两对引物进行多重聚合酶链反应技术检测204例新生儿脐血DNA,男性均显示590bp、 355bp及280bp 3条扩增带,女性只有590bp1条扩增带,性别鉴定准确率为100%。又检测47例性器官异常患,13例社会性别为女性者只出现590bp扩增带,与核型性别结果一致。 34例社会性别为男性者中,有2例SRY基因检测结果阴性,只出现590bp带,核型为46,XX,证明这两例患者社会性别不相符,经病理证实后应诊断为女性假两性畸形。Abstract:This investigation adapted multiplex PCR technique with two pairs of primer to determine sex according to the human SRY gene and X,Y chromosome analogical sequence.We detected bellybutton blood DNA from 204 newborns.Male revealed three bands:590bp,355bp and 280bp,and females only had one band which was 590bp,the accuracy of sex determination was 100%.47 sexual abnormal patients were tested.The results showed that 13 cases,whose social sex were female,had one 590bp band which consistent with their chromosome type sex.In the rest 34 cases,whose social sex were male,2cases showed,on the contrary,only one 590bp band and their chromosome type were 46,XX.This proved that the two patients did not consistent with their social sex,and pathological analysis showed that they were female pseud-hermaphroditism.     

46,XY女性患者SRY基因启动子区域的突变分析

大约15%的46,XY女性患者中发现SRY基因编码区突变,其他患者可能是SRY基因的调节区, 包括启动子区域发生了突变,或者其他相关基因发生突变所致。本文采用限制性酶切、PCR-SSCP及银染检测技术,对7例患者SRY基因的启动子区域进行了突变筛查, 结果未发现异常,提示这些患者的病因与SRY基因启动子区域本身无关,结合对患者SRY基因HMG基序DNA的突变分析结果,表明除SRY基因异常外还存在其他导致46,XY女性性反转综合征的遗传机制。Abstract:Using restriction endonuelease digestion and PCR-SSCP with silver staining,we analyzed the promotor region of SRY gene in seven 46,XY femalcs.The results showed no abnormality,thus ruling out the mutations in the promotor region of the SRY gene as a possible cause of sex reversal in these XY females.In view with the absence of the mutations in the HMG regions of the SRY genes of several patients,it is suggested that SRY gene is not the only gene responsible for testicular development but is one of many hierarchical genes involved in a genetic cascade for sexual differentiation.     

普通小麦品种Hope细胞膜热稳定性基因的染色体定位

利用全部 21个“中国春”的“Hope”染色体代换系及其亲本品种“中国春” (受体)和“Hope”(供体)对六倍体普通小麦的细胞膜热稳定性基因进行了染色体定位研究。结果表明:普通小麦品种“Hope”的1A、2A、2B、 2D、3A、3B、3D、5D和6B等9条染色体上具有耐热性基因,而其余染色体与“Hope”的耐热性无关。Abstract:All 21 substitutions of common wheat(T.aestivum L.)and their parental cultivars“Chinese Spring”(recipient)and “Hope”(donor)were evaluated for their relative heat tolerance as measured by membrane thermostability to determine the chromosomal locations of genes controlling this trait.Results indicate that chromosomes 1A,2A,2B,2D,3A,3B,3D,5D and 6B were associated with heat tolerance of cv.Hope,while the others were not related to heat tolerance.     

关于Hayman双列杂交分析中显性效应检验方法的改进

双列杂交的交配设计最先由Ｓｃｈｍｉｄｔ（１９１９）加以讨论和应用,目前对其已建立了系统的理论及严密的统计分析方法,其中应用最广的是Ｇｒｉｆｉｎｇ的配合力分析和Ｈａｙｍａｎ的遗传模型分析。根据Ｈａｙｍａｎ法进行分析〔２,３〕,其中一步是对显性效应作显著...     

印度谷螟突变体的诱导与培育

1991─1993年, 借助60 Co辐照及杂交技术,在国内外首次诱导和培育出印度谷螟(Plodia interpunctella Hubner)成虫的15种突变体。这些突变体是:翅透明型,半翅透明型,翅端部透明型,翅半月状透明斑型,前翅内半透明型, 后翅透明型,非对称透明型,深红眼型,淡红眼型,白眼型,胸腹板、足黄色型,深红眼翅透明型,淡红眼翅透明型,白眼翅透明型及眼翅腹三特征突变体。Abstract:15 mutants of adults of Indian meal Moth,Plodia interpunctella Hubner,were obtained through 60Co γ-ray irradiation and hybridizations.These mutants are:transparent wings(tw),transparent semi-wings(tsw),transparent a thord outer region of wings(ttorw),semilunar transparent wings(stw),transparent base half of front wings(tbhfw),transparent hind wings(thw),non-parallel transparent wings(nptw),deep red eyes(dre),light red eyes(lre),white eyes(we),yellow feets and troracic sternum(yfts),deep red eyes and transparent wings(dre-tw),light red eyes and transparent wings(lre-tw),white eyes and transparent wings(we-tw),red eyes-transparent wings-transparent 5-6 th abdominal segments(re-tw-tas).     

不同添加物质对香烟烟雾水溶物引起的蚕豆根尖细胞微核率的影响

本课题研究了不同添加物质对香烟烟雾水溶物引起的蚕豆根尖细胞微核率的影响。结果表明亚硒酸钠、烟酰胺、绿茶浸出物和维生素C均能显著降低由香烟烟雾水溶物引起的微核率,上述物质可能具有减轻吸烟引起的遗传毒性损伤的作用。此外,本文还对上述结果的意义进行了讨论。     

利用PCR技术检测孕早期先天性沙眼衣原体感染

先天性感染已成为引起出生缺陷的重要原因,据调查,约有２—８％的新生儿受到先天性感染的影响〔１〕。由风疹病毒等感染引起的先天性感染已逐步为人们所重视,但由沙眼衣原体（Ｃｈｌａｍｙｄｉａｔｒａｃｈｏｍａｔｉｓ,Ｃｔ）引起的先天性感染尚鲜为人知。本研究利用...     

陆地棉洞A核雄性不育系及其MB保持系的遗传模式讨论

本文论述了陆地棉洞A核雄性不育系遗传的不同解释。根据洞A核雄性不育系以及它的不育保持系MB的遗传研究结果,证明洞A核雄性不育系受1对隐性核不育基因控制的结论是正确的,并提出了它的不育保持系MB的遗传本质。