水稻基因组测序的研究进展

水稻是最重要的粮食作物之一,世界上大约有一半的人口以水稻为主要粮食.作为基因组研究的模式植物,水稻基因组的测序工作已在世界范围内展开.此项研究工作不仅能破译水稻全基因组序列,还将有助于了解其他禾本科植物的基因组信息.本文对水稻基因组测序工作进展作一综述。 Abstract:Because of the importamce of rice as the staple food source for over half of the world population and since rice is a leading model plant for genomic studies,an international effort has now begun to sequence the rice genome.This project eventually will reveal all of the genomic sequence information of rice and be an indispensable aid in understanding the genomics of other grass species.In this paper,the development and research progress in sequencing of rice genome are reviewed.     

磷酸化酶mRNA在水稻雌蕊中表达的时空动态

利用RNA原位杂交技术, 对水稻受精前后雌蕊组织切片进行磷酸化酶基因表达的定位。结果显示, 磷酸化酶mRNA在柱头、花柱、子房壁以及维管束中大量表达, 而胚珠中除合点部位外表达很弱。受精前后的胚囊中各细胞磷酸化酶mRNA表达也很弱, 并且没有明显的时空变化。在积累淀粉的胚乳细胞中磷酸化酶mRNA大量分布。原胚中的磷酸化酶mRNA表达较弱, 到分化胚积累过渡性淀粉时才显著增加。本文首次对磷酸化酶mRNA在植物雌性器官发育过程中的时空分布动态作了初步研究。 Abstract:Phosphorylase gene expression was localized in tissue sections of rice pistils before and after fertilization byin situRNA hybridization. Phosphorylase mRNA was substantially expressed in the stigma, style, ovary wall and vascular bundle, but weakly in ovular tissues except chalazal portion. It was weakly expressed and did not show temporal and spatial changes in embryo sacs before and after fertilization. A great quantity of phosphorylase mRNA was distributed in endosperm cells accumulating starch grains. Phosphorylase mRNA was less in proembryos, but significantly increased in differentiation embryos accumulating transition starch. This report is, for the first time, a tentative investigation on the temporal and spatial expression patterns of phosphorylase mRNA in plant female organ development.     

2007年夏季青岛石莼科(Ulvaceae)绿藻无机元素含量分析

2007年夏季对青岛沿海石莼科绿藻,包括定生石莼Ulva、定生浒苔Enteromorpha以及漂浮浒苔Enteromorpha进行了样本采集,针对其17种金属元素和3种非金属元素进行了含量分析与比较。结果表明,石莼科绿藻对铅、镉、铜、砷、锌等元素有较强的富集作用,可以作为海洋环境的藻类指示生物。另外,漂浮浒苔中多种元素含量明显少于定生种类,特别是铁、铝、磷等元素含量差别非常悬殊,最高可达100倍;相反的是,漂浮浒苔的钙元素含量接近于定生种类的两倍。上述结果可为石莼、浒苔等大型绿藻的加工利用提供参考。     

Information engineering infrastructure for life sciences and its implementation in China

Biological data,represented by the data from omics platforms,are accumulating exponentially.As some other data-intensive scientific disciplines such as high-energy physics,climatology,meteorology,geology,geography and environmental sciences,modern life sciences have entered the information-rich era,the era of the 4th paradigm.The creation of Chinese information engineering infrastructure for pan-omics studies(CIEIPOS) has been long overdue as part of national scientific infrastructure,in accelerating the further development of Chinese life sciences,and translating rich data into knowledge and medical applications.By gathering facts of current status of international and Chinese bioinformatics communities in collecting,managing and utilizing biological data,the essay stresses the significance and urgency to create a ’data hub’ in CIEIPOS,discusses challenges and possible solutions to integrate,query and visualize these data.Another important component of CIEIPOS,which is not part of traditional biological data centers such as NCBI and EBI,is omics informatics.Mass spectroscopy platform was taken as an example to illustrate the complexity of omics informatics.Its heavy dependency on computational power is highlighted.The demand for such power in omics studies is argued as the fundamental function to meet for CIEIPOS.Implementation outlook of CIEIPOS in hardware and network is discussed.     

一株微生物菌株催化水解拆分外消旋6-羟基-8-氯辛酸乙酯

从土壤中筛选到一株能够拆分外消旋的硫辛酸中间体6-羟基-8-氯辛酸乙酯的微生物菌株T4,并对其拆分反应条件进行了优化,确定了最适反应温度为30℃,最适pH为7．0,最适摇床转速为170r／min,确定了有效表面活性剂为CTAB,在此优化条件下反应8h,得到（R）-6-羟基-8-氯辛酸乙酯的对映体过量值（e．e．）为92．8％,产率为26．3％。该研究为（R）-硫辛酸的制备提供了一条可行的途径。     

枸杞耐盐变异体的筛选及植株再生

枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)无菌苗下胚轴于MS+2,4-D 0.25mg/L+LH 50 0mg/L的诱导培养基上产生胚性愈伤组织。经0.34%的EMS(半致死剂量)处理并恢复增殖2周后, 将存活组织转接到含有1.5%NaCl的诱导培养基上培养4周,再将少数存活的组织转移到含1.0%NaCl的同样培养基上继续培养,经不断选择,选出了耐1.0%NaCl的愈伤组织变异体。经耐盐性、耐盐稳定性、脯氨酸含量、叶绿素含量分析,以及对山梨醇、聚乙二醇的反应证明,该愈伤组织是耐盐变异体。变异体在含有1.0%NaCl的分化培养基(MS+6-BA0.5mg/L)上可分化出再生植株。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌的遗传多样性II. 杀虫晶体蛋白及其基因型

苏云金芽胞杆菌因为产生伴胞晶体而在表型上区别于其他近缘种,而伴胞晶体具有杀虫活性而受到人们的普遍关注和重视。本文通过杀虫晶体蛋白及其基因型,以及携带杀虫晶体蛋白基因的质粒类型在苏云金芽胞杆菌中的不同分布阐述了杀虫晶体蛋白及其基因的多态性。 Abstract: Bacillus thuringiensis is phenotypically different from other Bacillus species,which are very closely related to B. thuringiensis.only by the presence of crystal protein,and is studied systematically because of insecticidal activity of crystal protein.In the aper,we reviewed genetic diversity of insecticidal crystal protein and its genotype by analysing the type of crystal protein,cry gene and plasmid bome cry gene and their distribution inB. thuringiensis.     

基于MODIS-EVI数据和Symlet11小波识别东北地区水稻主要物候期

作物物候信号能够反映温度和降水等变化对植被生长的影响,是进行农作物动态分析和田间管理的重要依据。基于2008年EOS-MODIS多时相卫星遥感数据,研究了我国东北地区水稻的主要物候期的识别方法。首先提取研究区24个农业气象观测站所在位置的MODIS-EVI(Enhanced Vegetation Index,增强型植被指数)指数的时间序列;同时利用小波滤波消除时间序列上的噪音,小波滤波选用函数包含Daubechies(7-20),Coiflet(3-5)和Symlet(7-15)共26种类型。然后根据水稻移栽期、抽穗期和成熟期在EVI时间序列上的表现特征来识别水稻主要物候期。最后与东北地区24个站点水稻物候观测资料对比并分析误差。结果表明,Symlet11小波滤波的效果最好,其移栽期识别结果的误差绝大部分在±16 d,抽穗期和成熟期识别结果的误差在±8 d。表明通过此方法可以较好地识别东北水稻主要物候期,并可进一步应用到整个东北地区水稻的物候空间分布和时间变化特征研究上。     

中国春小麦株高、育性近等基因系的建立及应用

以矮败小麦和中国春小麦为材料,经过杂交和连续回交,得到了中国春小麦遗传背景的分别表现矮秆不育、矮秆可育、高秆不育、高秆可育的近等基因系。根据近等基因系各成员系的株高表现,计算出矮秆基因Rht10的降秆强度是69.8%。借助于赤霉酸处理,在幼芽期就可分出矮败中国春小麦后代的不育株与可育株。 Abstract：　Use Dwarfing Male-sterile Wheat and cv. Chinese Spring as parents, after cross and continuously back cross, the isogenic lines with Chinese Spring background were developed. These lines include dwarfing male-sterile line, dwarfing fertile line, tall male-sterile line and tall fertile line. The dwarfing intensity of gene Rht10 was calculated to be 69.8% according the differences between the isogenic lines. Treated with GA3solution, the male-sterile and fertile plants in Chinese Spring Dwarfing Male-sterile Wheat can be identified clearly when they are seedlings.