用多重PCR检测上海地区汉族人群9个STR基因座的多态性

利用多重PCR和四色荧光（5-FAM,JOE,NED和ROX）自动化检测技术调查上海地区汉族人群D3S1358、vWA、FGA、D8S1179、 D21S11、 D18S51、D5S818、D13S317、D7S820等9个STR基因座多态性分布并计算该9个基因座的基因频率（Pi）、个体鉴别力（DP）、无偏倚期望杂合性（H）、多态性信息含量（PIC）和非父排除概率（PE）。结果显示：9个STR基因座的基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,9个STR基因座中FGA基因座的DP值最高为0.9584,D8S1179的H值最高为0.9403,D18S51的PIC值最高为0.8560,D18S51的PE值最高为0.7391,9个STR基因座累积个体鉴别力(CDP)为0.9999996,累积非父排除能力(CPE)为0.99991。9个STR基因座适合作为中国人群的遗传标志,用于人类学、遗传疾病基因连锁分析、法医学亲子鉴定和个体识别等研究领域。 Abstract:By multiplex amplification and four fluorescent technique,the polymorphism distributions of nine STR loci,D3S1358,vWA,FGA,D8S1179,D21S11,D18S51,D5S818,D13S317 and D7S820 were investigated in Shanghai Han population.Gene frequency (Pi),power of discrimination (DP),polymorphism information content (PIC) expected heterozygosity (H) and probability of paternity exclusion (PE) were calculated.All loci meet Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.DP of FGA locus,H of D8S1179 locus,PIC of D18S51 locus and PE of D18S51 locus are the biggest among nine STR loci.Cumulate DP (CDP) of nine STR loci is 0.9999996,Cumulate PE (CPE) of nine STR loci is 0.99991.Nine STR loci could be used as the genetic markers of Chinese population in the studies of anthropology,linkage analysis of genetic disease genes,individual identification and paternity test in forensic medicine.     

石斑角形虫(黏体门, 角形虫科)的分子证据及其在不同宿主中的遗传变异

研究从中国东海的青石斑鱼 Epinephelus awoara Temminck & Schlegel 1842和褐带石斑鱼E. bruneus Bloch 1793的胆囊中检获了石斑角形虫 Ceratomyxa epinephela Wu, Wu et hua, 1993, 首次提供了其SSU rDNA和ITS1 rDNA序列, 并基于形态学和分子数据进行了重新描述。石斑角形虫成熟孢子的孢子长(4.8±0.5) μm (3.6—5.6 μm), 孢子厚(31.8±4.8) μm (23.3—37.5 μm); 孢子壳瓣光滑且等大, 由垂直的缝线连接; 极囊长(2.9±0.2) μm (2.4—3.7 μm), 极囊宽(2.6±0.2) μm (2.2—3.1 μm); 孢子夹角处稍微凹陷, 延伸至两端逐渐变平坦, 夹角为 (175.9±3.7)° (165.5°—179.7°)。基于SSU rDNA序列构建的系统发育树显示石斑角形虫与诺兰角形虫C. nolani Gunter & Adlard 2009, 卡特莫尔角形虫C. cutmorei Gunter & Adlard 2009和横山角形虫C. yokoyamai Gunter & Adlard 2009 有很近的亲缘关系, 且其宿主均为石斑鱼属物种。结果表明, 类群关系较近的宿主其寄生的同属黏孢子虫可能具有更近的系统发育关系。基于SSU rDNA和ITS1 rDNA的遗传分析显示, 石斑角形虫的4个分离株已发生了明显的遗传分化(形成了4个基因型), 形成了不同的种群, 但在不同宿主种类间并未形成特有的分化。     

基于修正的亚像元模型的植被覆盖度估算

植被覆盖度是陆地生态过程模型、气象和气候模型的一项重要参数.通过消除植被类型分类精度以及遥感影像噪声带来的误差,结合实际测量值确定了归一化植被指数(NDVI)的最大值和最小值,修正了亚像元模型,并通过计算北京市植被覆盖度对模型进行了验证. 结果表明: 修正后模型的模拟值与实测值非常接近,尤其是对植被类型一致但密度有不同变化的草本植被, 但对乔木植被覆盖度的估算误差相对较大,这可能与遥感影像分辨率、植被破碎度及采用的混合像元模型有关.     

叶喷和土施化学药剂对柑橘木虱的防效研究

【目的】筛选对柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama成虫具有高防效、低毒作用的杀虫剂,旨在为柑橘黄龙病(Huanglongbing,HLB)的综合防控提供理论依据。【方法】采用室内药膜法和田间生物测定,评价了12种化学药剂的毒力和防治效果,筛选出适合叶面喷雾和土壤淋施的高效低毒化学农药及其最佳使用浓度,为柑橘木虱化学防治的科学精准用药提供参考。【结果】对12种药剂室内毒力测定结果表明,对柑橘木虱成虫毒力效果较好的是48%噻虫胺、45%毒死蜱、10%溴氰虫酰胺和20%呋虫胺,LC50分别为1.42、1.48、1.49、1.60 mg/L。田间叶面喷雾生测结果表明,20%呋虫胺和10%溴氰虫酰胺施药后7 d,防效均达到90%以上,综合防效优于其他10种药剂。土壤淋施生测结果表明,30%噻虫嗪的累积减退率在12 d时达到100%,显著高于其他4种药剂,不同浓度筛选结果表明在施药后第7天,100 mg/L和150 mg/L的30%噻虫嗪防效均达到100%,且在施药30 d后其防效均在60%以上。【结论】柑橘木虱化学防治田间叶面喷雾以150 mg/L的20%呋虫胺或100 mg/L的10%溴氰虫酰胺防治效果较好,且持效期长,而土壤淋施则100 mg/L的30%噻虫嗪防治效果最好,且持效期长,具有较大的应用价值。     

肉桂酸衍生物对铜绿假单胞菌PAO1 III型分泌系统的影响

【目的】铜绿假单胞菌是引起医院获得性感染最常见的条件致病菌,而III型分泌系统(Type III secretion system,TTSS)是其致病的主要因子之一。本文从合成的21个肉桂酸衍生物中筛选影响TTSS效应子(Effector)产生的化合物,并初步研究其作用机制。【方法】将TTSS效应子合成基因exoS的转录报告质粒pAT-exoS转入菌株PAO1中,获得PAO1(pAT-exoS)。待筛选的化合物与PAO1(pAT-exoS)菌株共培养6 h后,检测exoS基因的表达,从中筛选影响exoS基因表达的化合物。【结果】筛选结果表明：21个化合物中,3个化合物抑制exoS基因表达,2个化合物则促进exoS基因表达。此外,化合物TS128、TS143和TS160对菌株生长有明显的抑制作用。Western blot实验进一步证实筛选得到的化合物TS108、TS128和TS165可抑制ExoS的产生;化合物TS139和TS143则促进ExoS的产生。为进一步研究抑制剂的作用机理,过量表达TTSS主要的调控因子exsA基因可部分消除抑制剂TS108和TS165的抑制效果;而rsmZ rsmY双基因突变体PAO6421中添加抑制剂TS108和TS165并不能显著抑制exoS基因的表达,同样,抑制剂TS108和TS165也不影响受Gac/Rsm信号传导系统调控的群体感应信号分子的产生。【结论】抑制剂TS108和TS165的作用机制可能主要是影响esxA基因,从而影响exoS基因表达及蛋白产量。     

白细胞介素22对T细胞介导的小鼠肝损伤的治疗作用及初步机制探讨

目的研究人白介素22（IL-22）对T细胞介导的肝损伤小鼠的治疗作用。方法利用刀豆蛋白A（ConA）建立T细胞介导的肝损伤小鼠模型,检测静脉注射IL-22对肝损伤小鼠血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）活性的影响,同时取小鼠肝组织进行病理学检查。并采用半定量RT-PCR方法检测IL-22刺激HepG2和LO2细胞后,对c-myc及Bcl-2基因转录表达水平的影响。结果IL-22明显降低ConA致小鼠急性肝损伤血清ALT、AST值的升高,减轻ConA对肝组织的病理损伤。体外检测IL-22对HepG2和LO2细胞表达c-myc及Bcl-2基因转录水平有促进作用。结论IL-22对T细胞介导的肝损伤小鼠模型具有治疗作用,该作用可能是通过IL-22促进肝细胞的抗凋亡因子的表达实现的。     

PARP酶抑制剂诱导转化细胞逆转及外源ras癌基因丢失的研究

用 5mmol/L PARP抑制剂苯甲酰胺处理经c-Ha-T24-ras活化癌基因转染得到的转化细胞系, 处理4周后发现转化细胞系的某些细胞生物学特性发生了改变,呈现出正常细胞的某些特性。伴随这一现象,检测到细胞中整合的外源T24-ras基因发生了丢失。 Abstract:A transformant line obtained by transfection of NTH3T3 cells with c-Ha-T24-ras gene was treated with 5mmol/L benzamide,an inhibitor of PARP enzyme for 4 weeks.Some changes in cellular properties of the transformant line were observed.Concomitant with these changes was the deletion of the exogenous c-Ha-T24-ras which had been integrated into genomic DNA of recipient cells.     

昆虫肠道微生物的多样性、功能及应用

昆虫肠道微生物种类繁多、数量巨大,在与宿主长期的协同进化过程中,不仅形成极为多样的种群结构,也进化出多样的生物学功能,对宿主的营养、生理、发育、防御、抗逆等方面都产生显著影响。近年来,越来越多的昆虫肠道微生物的多样性和生物学特性被揭示,具有农业、能源和环保价值的众多微生物种类和活性基因得到了开发,展现出巨大的应用潜力。本文将从昆虫肠道微生物的多样性、生物学功能、应用三个方面对近年来的研究进展进行总结,并进行展望。     

Three-dimensional morphology of the Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus(Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) horn based on synchrotron X-ray microtomography

Sinocyclocheilus is a cave-dwelling cyprinid genus endemic to southwest China. Several species possess a conspicuous horn on their head, which has been suggested as a constructive troglomorphic trait but lacks substantial evidence. We used noninvasive, high spatial resolution synchrotron X-ray microtomography to investigate the three-dimensional(3D) morphology of the horn of Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus, one of eight such troglobiotic species. 3D renderings demonstrated the osteological components,which were comprised of a rear wall comprised of the supraoccipital bone, a remaining frontal wall with numerous fenestrae, and the bottom continuous with the parietal and epiotic. A horn cavity occurred within the horn. The fenestrae in the frontal wall were continuous in the horn cavity and showed elaborate channeling, and were, connected to the cranial cavity by soft tissue. We tentatively called this configuration the "otocornual connection" due to its anatomic and putative functional similarity to the otolateralic connection in clupeids and loricariids, which provide an indirect pathway to enhance perception of underwater sound signals. This study provides a functional morphology context for further histological and physiological investigations of such horn structures in Sinocyclocheilus cavefish, and we suggest that the horn might enhance acoustic perception to compensate for visual loss in subterranean life, which warrants future physiological examination as lab-reared S. hyalinus become available.     

NeocorticalExpansion and Neurodevelopmental Disease

Changes of cerebral cortex size and brain volume have experienced evolutionary expansion across mammals, which is the cellular base of neuronal network complexity. The existence of cortex folding, allowing huge area of cortex to fit into a relatively small cranial space, is one of important evolutionary features in primate. The adult human CNS contains approximately 86.1 billion neurons and equal number of glial cells. Among which, human cerebral cortex consists of roughly 16.34 billion neurons. Based on algorithm analysis, approximately 3.86 million projection (excitatory/pyramidal) neurons are generated per hour during prenatal cortical neurogenesis in human. Such an incredible fast speed of neurogenesis suggests that human neocortex development requires strictly organized molecular regulations and cellular processes. Here we discuss the molecular and cellular characteristics of mammalian cerebral cortex expansion and the related disease.