作物遗传改良国家重点实验室(华中农业大学)简介

<正>作物遗传改良国家重点实验室依托于华中农业大学,1992年3月由国家批准建设.实验室从建室至今走过20多个年头,与现代生物科学技术在中国的发展同步,其成长道路是我国用现代生物技术改造提升传统农业的历史侧影.实验室最初由华中农业大学生物技术中心、农学系遗传育种教研室和园艺学院果树学教研室组建而成,1994年通过国家验收并正式对外开放,分别于1996年、2001年、2006年、2011年连续4次被评为优秀国家重点实验室,是唯一获此殊荣的农业科研类国家重点实验室,也是依托高校所建生命科学类唯一获此殊荣的国家重点实验室.     

长日照下农垦58_s叶中无特异mRNA丰富表达

在本研究中,我们从光敏核不育水稻农垦58s育性对光周期敏感时期的叶片中制备出mRNA并合成了长日下的cDNA。进而构建了克隆效率达10~6克隆/μgcDNA的较完备的cDNA文库。然而,以长日和短日cDNA探针对该文库进行的+/-筛选未能筛选出长日下特异或相对丰富表达的mRNA的cDNA克隆。进而,以过量的(约50倍)短日mRNA与长日cDNA进行液相杂交,以富集长日特异的cDNA序列,富集后的长日cDNA经层析分离(Rot值为2.8×10~2)并标记为探针,与等量的长、短日cDNA杂交,但二者的杂交倍是无可辨差异,这些证据表明在农垦58s的育性光敏感时期长日下叶子无特异性的mPNA丰富表达。     

上位性效应是水稻杂种优势的重要遗传基础

利用生产上广泛应用的优良杂交组合汕优 6 3的分离群体 ,对 1 5 1个分子标记位点构建覆盖整个水稻基因组的遗传连锁图谱 .在此基础上 ,用 2 40个F_2∶3 家系的 2年田间试验数据定位分析了影响产量及其构成因子的数量性状位点 (QTLs)和上位性效应 . 2年共定位了 32个QTLs控制产量及其构成性状 ,其中 1 2个QTLs在2年均被检测到 .同时 ,发现大量显著上位性效应广泛存在于基因组中影响着这些性状 .分析表明 ,上位性效应是影响产量性状表现和杂种优势形成的重要遗传基础     

Epistasis plays an important role as genetic basis of heterosis in rice

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青菜与芥菜花粉－体细胞原生质体融合的研究

以聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）为诱导剂,试验用４种方法进行青菜幼嫩花粉原生质体与芥菜下胚轴原生质体的融合,结果以修改的Ｔｅｒａｄａ等的方法最好。融合后原生质体的培养形成了愈伤组织,但未分化出芽,个别愈伤组织分化了根。用ＲＡＰＤ技术对任选的５个细胞系进行鉴定,发现１个细胞系含双亲的ＤＮＡ片段,可确认是青菜幼嫩花粉原生质体与芥菜下胚轴原生质体融合后产生的杂种细胞系。     

pms3 is the locus causing the original photoperiod-sensitive male sterility mutation of‘Nongken 58S'

Photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile (PSGMS) rice is a very useful germplasm for hybrid rice development. It was first found as a spontaneous mutant in a japonica cultivar 'Nongken 58'. pms3 on chromosome 12 was determined to be the locus where the original PSGMS mutation occurred, changing the normal cultivar Nongken 58 to PSGMS Nongken 58S. Large amounts of RAPD and AFLP analyses were also conducted for the fine mapping of the pms3 genomic region, which resulted in 4 molecular markers linked to pms3. Although these markers somewhat increased the marker density of this region, the pms3 locus is still located in a marker-sparse region.     

西藏和埃塞俄比亚大麦6个同工酶位点遗传变异的对比分析

我们对比分析了埃塞俄比亚(简称埃)和西藏共777份栽培大麦材料在6个同工酶位点(Est1、Est2、Kst3、Est4、Acp1和Got1)的遗传变异。结果表明,无论是从单个位点上分析还是在多位点基因组合形式上评价,埃大麦与西藏大麦群体在遗传组成和多位点基因结构上都有着很大的差异。遗传多样性对比分析表明,从单个位点基因类型看,西藏大麦与埃大麦遗传变异程度大致相当,但从多位点基因组合形式看,西藏大麦遗传多样性程度极显著地高于埃大麦。     

青菜与芥菜花粉－体细胞原生质体融合的研究

以聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）为诱导剂,试验用４种方法进行青菜（Ｂｒａｓｓｉｃａｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）幼嫩花粉原生质体与芥菜（Ｂ．Ｊｕｎｃｅａ）下胚轴原生质体的融合,结果以修改的Ｔｅｒａｄａ等的方法最好。融合后原生质体的培养形成了愈伤组织,但未分化出芽,个别愈伤组织分化了根。用ＲＡＰＤ技术对任选的５个细胞系进行鉴定,发现１个细胞系含双亲的ＤＮＡ片段,可确认是青菜幼嫩花粉原生质体与芥菜下胚轴原生质体融合后产生的杂种细胞系。     

茄子/番茄嫁接植株的生理特性及其对黄萎病的抗性

以能降低茄子植株黄萎病病情指数的番茄为砧木嫁接茄子,结果表明,嫁接后的茄子植株光合作用速率和根系活跃吸收面积增大;叶片中束缚水／自由水比值增大,水势降低;根系中苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、根系和叶片中过氧化物酶(POD)活性增强。     

The defense-responsive genes showing enhanced and repressed expression after pathogen infection in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Despite large numbers of studies about defense response, processes involved in the resistance of plants to incompatible pathogens are still largely uncharacterized. The objective of this study was to identify genes involved in defense response by cDNA array analysis and to gain knowledge about the functions of the genes involved in defense response. Approximately 20000 rice cDNA clones were arrayed on nylon filters. RNA samples isolated from different rice lines after infection with incompatible strains or isolates of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae or Pyricularia grisea, respectively, were used to synthesize cDNA as probes for screening the cDNA arrays. A total of 100 differentially expressed unique sequences were identified from 5 pathogen-host combinations. Fifty-three sequences were detected as showing enhanced expression and 47 sequences were detected as showing repressed expression after pathogen infection. Sequence analysis revealed that most of the 100 sequences had various degrees of homology with