狼蛛,蟹蛛和跳蛛

狼蛛、蟹蛛和跳蛛分别是蜘蛛目中三个科的蜘蛛的通称。这三类蜘蛛包括了我们日常见到的游猎型蜘蛛的大部分种类,它们在帮助人类消灭害虫中所起作用也较大,所以作为动物学教学中的例子加以介绍。 (一)狼蛛狼蛛在地面或植物上疾驰,凶狠如狼,故名。体长3-25毫米,但多数种类在5-8毫米间。体色多黄褐色,不鲜艳。8眼,排成三列。前列4个小眼,中、后两列各2个眼,较大;后列两眼的间距稍大于中列两眼的间距(图1左)。卵袋扁球形,由两片半圆形丝膜缝合而成。卵袋挂在母蛛腹部后端的纺器上,由母蛛随身携带。幼蛛孵出后不分散,而是爬伏在母蛛腹部     

冬眠周期长短不同的蒙古黄鼠（Citellus dauricus）...

Adult Mongolian ground squirrels (Citellus dauricus) were kept at 5 degrees C in winter and divided into four experimental groups according to the bout length. The first group was not hibernating until decapitation. The bout length of the second group was between 4-10 days, the third group 11-17 days and the fourth group longer than 20 days. All pineals were sampled at the end of January. Morphometric analytical procedures were used to study the ultrastructure of the distal part of the pineal gland. The statistical results demonstrated that 1) the euthermic animals have larger cross areas of pinealocyte, longer and narrower Golgi apparatus and more number of saccules of each Golgi apparatus (P less than 0.01). But they also have smaller volume density of vaculoes, less lipid droplets and associated vesicles around Golgi apparatus (P less than 0.01). 2) the hibernating animals with variety of bout length had no significant differences in the number of mitochondria, lipid droplets, lysosomes, the size of Golgi apparatus and the cross areas of nucleus and cytoplasm (P greater than 0.05). However, the number and the cross areas of vacuoles were significantly increased with the bout length (P less than 0.01). This might suggest that the bout length was not related to the metabolic activity of pinealocytes in Citellus dauricus and vacuoles might play some important roles in maintenance of individual bout of hibernation in this species.     

油田注水层杀菌解堵的综合处理

在注水采油过程中,微生物对注水油层的堵塞问题在50年代初就引起了注意。一些研究工作者在室内模拟试验条件下证实,注入水中的微生物菌体是造成地层堵塞的重要因     

灵长类淋巴细胞亚群的研究——Ⅰ.外周血和淋巴组织的SRBC、SMRBC和ZYC玫瑰花结形成细胞的测定

用经过氨乙基异硫脲(AET)或神经氨酸酶(VCN)处理过的绵羊红细胞(SRBC),酵母多糖—补体复合物(ZYC)和红面猴红细胞(SMRBC)作为标记,测定了健康恒河猴、熊猴、豚尾猴、红面猴和树鼩的外周血以及恒河猴淋巴样组织的淋巴细胞亚群,在这五种动物中,E_(AET)玫瑰花结形成细胞的百分比依次为78.1±6.4,77.7±4.2,76.0±6.4,82和24.9±7.2。ZYC形成细胞的百分比依次为11.4±4.2,9.0±3.8,12.8±2.2,15和15.7±7.4。恒河猴胸腺,脾脏和淋巴结的E_(AET)形成细胞的百分比分别为95.2±2.9,28.8±10.3,44.8±6.2。与人类不同,SMRBC不是恒河猴B淋巴细胞的标记。此外,还与其他作者的结果进行了比较。     

我国数种蜘蛛新纪录

1.冲绳绿蟹蛛 Oxytate hoshizuna Ono,1978(蟹蛛科 Thomisidae) 1,广西桂林,1980.4.13。雄蛛长7.6毫米。活体翠绿色,固定后转成黄色。眼的排列和大小同平行绿蟹蛛O.parallela(Simon,1880)。惟触肢胫节外末角的长突起的末部弯曲成钩状,末端尖锐。腹部后半部有6条横边,故可见分为7节。国外分布于日本冲绳岛。     

我国数种盗蛛(蜘蛛目:盗蛛科)记述

我国盗蛛科(Pisauridae)的种类已有正式记载的计4属14种和1亚种。限于无法核对标本,目前对这些种类尚不能进行修订。本文就笔者采到的标本先整理报道7种,其中包括1新种、1种雄体新发现及3种我国新纪录。1.锚盗蛛 Pisaura ancora Paik,1969(图1) Pisaura anchora Paik 1969:49—54,figs.14,18,54—64.     

赤眼蜂的产卵行为

赤眼蜂能在多种宿主卵中产卵寄生,并且还具有在人工物体上产卵的习性。Holloway早在1912年即观察到秋葵植物汁滴干燥结膜后,广赤眼蜂(Trichogramma evanescen)企图在其表面产卵。Salt(1935)观察到赤眼蜂有企图将产卵器插入玻璃珠,水银滴,植物种子等表面的行为。Hagen等(1965)试制人工蜡卵饲喂草蛉幼虫时,偶然发现赤眼蜂可以产卵在这种蜡卵内。近年来,Rajendram和Hagen(1974)曾用上述蜡卵引诱赤眼蜂产卵于盐水或氨基酸溶液内。总之,赤眼蜂可在不少的非天然的宿主或物体上产卵,并且所报道产过卵的物体都是球形的。Salt(1937)认为决定赤眼蜂产卵的因素是化学感觉,夜蛾中促使赤眼蜂产卵的物质是22—25碳的直链烷烃成分。但影响产卵行为的各种因素尚缺乏详细的分析。