建立分泌型荧光素酶基因标记的原位肝癌模型及用于干扰素β基因治疗评价

旨在建立一种分泌型荧光素酶基因标记的小鼠原位移植型肝癌模型并观察其对干扰素β基因治疗的反应。首先建立稳定表达分泌型荧光素酶Gluc(Gaussia princeps luciferase)的小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa 1-6/Gluc;将该细胞通过脾注射至C57BL/6小鼠肝脏建立原位移植型肝癌模型,通过检测外周血Gluc活性监测小鼠体内肿瘤生长情况;用此模型观察水动力注射干扰素β质粒DNA的抗肿瘤效果。结果表明,通过脾注射Gluc基因标记的Hepa 1-6细胞可以建立小鼠原位移植型肝癌模型;外周血Gluc活性可以有效反映体内接种肿瘤细胞的数量和肿瘤的生长情况;通过监测外周血Gluc活性可灵敏反映干扰素β基因治疗对肿瘤生长的抑制作用。本研究表明,利用Gluc为报告基因建立的小鼠原位移植型肝癌模型可以体外实时监测肿瘤的生长情况,并能灵敏可靠地用于抗肿瘤治疗效果的评价。     

2型重组腺相关病毒体外转导培养细胞的研究

为揭示2型重组腺相关病毒感染哺乳动物细胞的一些转导特征,构建并制备了一种携带萤火虫荧光素酶基因的重组2型腺相关病毒rAAV2-Luc,研究了该重组病毒体外转导哺乳动物细胞的量效关系;肝素对转导的拮抗作用;rAAV2的竞争抑制作用;丁酸钠对表达水平的增强作用.结果显示,在一定范围内,随着rAAV2-Luc感染细胞的感染复数(MOI即每个细胞感染的病毒基因组数)值增高,荧光素酶的表达水平也增高;但更高的MOI(＞107)反而使荧光素酶的表达水平下降.肝素可特异性阻断rAAV2介导的荧光素酶表达.携带不同基因的2种rAAV2病毒相互具有明显的竞争抑制作用.丁酸钠可显著增强rAAV2介导的荧光素酶表达水平.本研究对rAAV2载体介导的基因转移研究具有一定的指导意义.     

AAV载体介导的蓬佩病模型小鼠体内基因治疗研究*

Objective: Pompe disease is a lysosomal glycogen storage disease caused by acid α-glucosidase (GAA) deficiency, which is characterized by glycogen accumulation in the heart, skeletal muscle, and central nervous system (CNS). AAV vector-mediated gene therapy is expected to be a breakthrough in the treatment of Pompe disease. In this study, AAV9 vector was used to mediate GAA gene transfer in Pompe disease model mice, and the changes of GAA protease activity, glycogen accumulation in tissues and pathological changes in mice after transgenic intervention were evaluated. Methods: Codon optimized GAA gene (coGAA) was carried by AAV9 vector, and the AAV vector was packaged by baculovirus production process. Adult Pompe model mice were given a single intravenous injection at the dose of 1.1×10¹³, 3.0×10¹³, 1.2×10¹⁴ vg/kg, and aged Pompe model mice were given a single intravenous injection at the dose of 3.0×10¹³ vg/kg. After reaching the end point of the experiment, the mice were euthanized, GAA protease activity was determined by fluorescence spectrophotometry, glycogen accumulation was observed by PAS staining, and pathological changes were detected by HE staining. Results: Five weeks after administration, GAA protein was widely expressed in all tissues of adult model mice, with higher expression levels in heart and liver, and lower expression levels in brain and spinal cord. After rAAV9-coGAA treatment, glycogen content in myocardium, skeletal muscle and brain decreased, and vacuolar degeneration in myocardium and skeletal muscle decreased significantly. After treatment, the tissue enzyme activity of the aged animals was significantly increased compared with that of the model mice. The vacuolar degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration of the myocardium were decreased, but the pathological improvement of skeletal muscle was limited. Conclusion: A single intravenous injection of rAAV9-coGAA can enhance GAA enzyme activity, reduce glycogen accumulation and improve pathology in Pompe model mice. The therapeutic effect was dose-dependent, and the injection also had certain therapeutic effect on aged animals. This study laid a theoretical foundation for the clinical application of AAV9 mediated gene therapy via intravenous route in Pompe disease.     

比较不同血清型AAV携带HBV基因组建立乙肝小鼠模型效果

近年来,用8型腺相关病毒携带1.3拷贝HBV(Hepatitis B virus)基因组建立的HBV持续感染小鼠模型受到越来越多的关注。本研究比较了除AAV8之外的其他4种血清型重组腺相关病毒(Recombinant adeno-associated virus,rAAV)建立乙肝小鼠模型效果。首先,将携带1.3拷贝ayw亚型HBV基因组的1型、2型、5型、8型、9型腺相关病毒分别以1×10~(11) vg/只(Viral genome,vg)的剂量尾静脉注射C57BL/6J小鼠;利用ELISA方法监测小鼠血清中HBeAg和HBsAg表达水平;用定量PCR方法检测小鼠血清和肝脏中HBV DNA拷贝数;用免疫组化方法检测小鼠肝脏中HBc Ag的表达;用HE染色检测小鼠肝脏病理变化。结果显示,在持续8周中,5组小鼠血清中都检测到HBeAg和HBsAg的表达,血清和肝脏中均检测到HBV DNA的存在。HBeAg、HBsAg、HBV DNA表达水平高低依次为AAV8AAV9AAV1AAV5AAV2。5组小鼠用免疫组化方法都检测到肝脏中HBcAg表达,HE染色病理检测均观察到不同程度的肝损伤。本研究扩大了能用于建立乙肝小鼠持续感染模型可选择的AAV载体种类,发现虽然AAV1、2、5、9的建模效果不如AAV8,但它们都可以介导建立持续感染的乙肝小鼠模型,建模效果依次为AAV8AAV9AAV1AAV5AAV2。其中AAV9介导的建模效果与AAV8载体最为接近,可以替代AAV8载体用于有效地建立HBV持续感染的小鼠模型。     

腺相关病毒载体介导的Endostatin及K1-5蛋白抗肿瘤血管生成协同作用

为研究腺相关病毒载体介导的内皮抑素(Endostatin)及K1-5蛋白抗肿瘤血管生成协同作用,实验中用含有Endostatin及K1-5基因的重组病毒rAAV-hE和rAAV-K5分别感染BHK-21细胞,并表达分泌出内皮抑素和K1-5蛋白,EIA法测定培养液上清中内皮抑素浓度达36.42ng/m l,免疫斑点印迹实验表明rAAV-K5可介导K1-5的体外表达。重组腺相关病毒(rAAV)介导所表达的内皮抑素和K1-5蛋白对血管内皮细胞增殖具有抑制作用。二者对人脐静脉内皮细胞(ECV-304)的抑制率分别为68.1%和63.1%,对牛毛细血管内皮细胞(BCE)的抑制率分别为41.6%和34.0%。同时二者还有协同效应,用rAAV-hE和rAAV-K5同时感染BHK-21细胞,表达产物对人脐静脉内皮细胞和牛毛细血管内皮细胞的抑制率分别为70.8%和43.8%。动物实验表明,重组病毒rAAV-hE和rAAV-K5转入荷有人肺肿瘤细胞的裸鼠,对肿瘤细胞生长具有抑制作用,同时二者具有协同抗肿瘤作用。     

三种丙型肝炎包膜感染性假病毒颗粒的制备及初步应用研究

In this study, three expression vectors encoding unmodified glycoproteins E1 and E2 from H77 (1a), Hebei (1b) and JFH1 (2a) strains were constructed to form pVRC-H77-E1E2, pVRC-HeBei-E1E2 and pVRC-JFH1-E1E2 expressing constructs. The protein expression was confirmed by immunofluorescene assay(IFA) and Western blot. The Lentiviral vector has the ability to package the cellular membrane into pseudo-particles. The plasmid expressing HCV E1-E2 glycoproteins in native form was co-transfected into 293FT cells with a lentiviral packaging plasmid (pHR'CMV delta R8.2)and a self-inactivated (SIN) transfer plasmid (pCS-CG) containing a reporter EGFP gene to produce infectious HCV pseudo-particles(pp). Flow cytometry assays showed that the HCVpp could infect Huh7 and Huh7-CD81, and the infectivity in Huh7-CD81 was about 2-3 times higher than that in Huh7 cells. Meanwhile, HCVpp could neither infect non-liver cells, for example, the 293 cells, nor HepG2 cell . Titration of HCVpp by p24 ELISA assay or infection assay showed that this HCVpp may contain 5-25 ng/mL p24 or 10(4)-10(5) TU (transducing unit)/ ml. An in vitro HCV neutralizing assays based on HCVpp (1a, 1b, 2a) were then established using AP33, a monoclone antibody with cross-neutralizing ability to different HCV strains. The neutralizing ability of the antibodies from HCV infected patients was further studied with this HCVpp system. In summary, three kinds of HCVpp (1a, 1b, 2a subtype) were successfully developed; In vitro HCV neutralizing assays based on HCVpp and SIN lentiviral system were established. This system paves a way for characterization of early steps of HCV infection (host tropisms, receptor binding, membrane fusion, et al. ) or screening anti-HCV drugs (such as inhibitor to virus entry). This system can be further applied to assess the human immune responses in HCV patients or evaluate HCV vaccine candidates.     

高通量miRNA活性谱检测发现BHK21细胞中miR-206高活性

用我们建立的活细胞miRNA活性谱检测技术测定BHK21、HEK293和Vero三种肾来源细胞系中58种miRNA活性谱,发现miR-206在BHK21细胞中具有特征性高活性.鉴于miR-206是典型的横纹肌特征性miRNA,进一步以小鼠成肌细胞C2Cl2及人胚肾细胞HEK293为对照,检测了BHK21细胞中miR-206的活性及表达水平.之后,用马血清诱导培养BHK21细胞,检测诱导前后BHK21细胞中骨骼肌肌球蛋白重链(Slow skeletal myosin heavy chain,MHC)表达情况,miR-206活性和表达水平以及受miR-206负调控的Connexin43(Cx43)的表达水平.结果发现,miR-206在BHK21细胞中活性和表达水平都明显高于C2C12细胞;马血清诱导后,BHK21细胞中MHC表达水平升高,miR-206活性和表达水平都升高,而Cx43表达水平下降.结果提示BHK21细胞具有成肌细胞特性.本研究首次发现BHK21细胞中miR-206的高活性,从miRNA角度证实了BHK21细胞来源于肾间质细胞,而不是肾实质细胞.研究结果还提示BHK21细胞有可能作为一种体外模型用于miR-206的功能研究.     

腺病毒载体介导的重组蛋白sTNFRII-gAD快速表达和制备

利用腺病毒载体高效感染哺乳动物细胞及表达外源基因的特性,建立一种快速高效表达及制备重组蛋白的方法,并用该方法获得sTNFRII-gAD (可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体II-脂联素球部融合蛋白) 蛋白纯品。首先用携带EGFP基因的腺病毒载体rAd5-EGFP以不同的腺病毒用量 (MOI) (0~1 000) 感染BHK21c022细胞,观察比较其转导效率和细胞毒性。用AdMax腺病毒载体系统制备携带融合基因sTNFRII-gAD的重组复制缺陷型5型腺病毒rAd5-sTNFRII-gAD。用rAd5-sTNFRII-gAD以不同的MOI (0~1 000) 感染BHK21c022细胞,收取上清进行Western blotting分析,比较上清中sTNFRII-gAD蛋白的表达量。在此基础上,用rAd5-sTNFRII-gAD以MOI 100感染大量培养的BHK21c022细胞,在无血清培养条件下反复多次收取培养上清,经过硫酸铵浓缩、分子筛柱层析、透析等步骤浓缩和纯化sTNFRII-gAD融合蛋白,并体外测定该融合蛋白拮抗TNFa的活性。结果获得了携带sTNFRII-gAD融合基因的重组腺病毒rAd5-sTNFRII-gAD;用rAd5-EGFP感染BHK21c022细胞结果表明,随着腺病毒用量的增高,表达EGFP蛋白的BHK21c022细胞数量和亮度明显增加;MOI在0~100之间被感染的BHK21c022细胞未表现出明显的细胞毒性,MOI为1 000时可观察到细胞变圆和少量死亡现象。Western blotting分析结果表明,随着腺病毒用量的增高,培养上清中sTNFRII-gAD融合蛋白表达量明显增加,以MOI为1 000时最高。在此基础上,我们用MOI为100的rAd5-sTNFRII-gAD感染5个转瓶培养的BHK21c022细胞以制备sTNFRII-gAD融合蛋白。每个转瓶加无血清培养液100 mL,每48 h收获上清1次并换液,反复6次收取培养上清共约3 L,经过纯化获得了约11 mg的sTNFRII-gAD融合蛋白。体外活性测定实验表明,获得的sTNFRII-gAD融合蛋白能有效拮抗TNFα对L929细胞的杀伤作用。腺病毒载体/BHK21细胞表达系统是一个简便、高效、通用的表达系统,利用该系统成功制备了有生物学活性的sTNFRII-gAD融合蛋白。该表达系统的特点是生产规模易于放大,适应无血清培养,可以反复多次收获目标蛋白。     

人β-半乳糖苷酶R299L突变体的获得与活性研究*

目的: GM1神经节苷脂贮积症是一种由半乳糖苷酶beta 1(galactosidase beta 1, GLB1)基因突变引起的β-半乳糖苷酶(β-galactosidase,β-gal)活性降低导致的严重的溶酶体贮积病。该病以进行性、致命性神经退行性病变为特征,目前尚无有效的治疗手段,AAV载体介导的基因治疗被认为是最有希望的治疗方法。通过基因定点突变获得具有较高β-gal活性的GLB1突变体,以期用于后续AAV介导的基因治疗。方法: 对人类和其他6种脊椎动物GLB1基因进行多序列比对分析,筛选出部分氨基酸位点进行定点突变,采用携带突变位点的重组质粒和AAV9载体转染或感染HEK-293细胞,比较突变体与未突变体的活性差异。对GM1模型鼠注射携带coGLB1-R299L的rAAV9病毒,探究该突变体的体内活性表达。结果: 从15个突变体中筛选出coGLB1-R299L突变体,经质粒转染导入细胞后,其β-gal活性比具有野生型氨基酸序列的coGLB1增加了30%~40%。AAV体外感染实验中,rAAV9-coGLB1-R299L组的β-gal活性较未感染的细胞对照组提升了约2.2倍。体内结果显示,rAAV9-coGLB1-R299L在模型鼠体内广泛表达,心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺、脑组织中β-gal活性显著提升。结论: 获得了具有更高β-gal活性的突变体coGLB1-R299L,初步探究了rAAV9-coGLB1-R299L的体外表达效果和模型鼠体内β-半乳糖苷酶的表达与分布,为该突变体应用于AAV介导的GM1神经节苷脂病治疗奠定基础。