磁共振谱在肿瘤细胞生物学及抗肿瘤药物研究中的应用

磁共振谱对生物体无损伤性,无破坏性,对化学反应无干扰性,在医学生物学领域得到了广泛应用。本文介绍磁共振谱中的１Ｈ、１３Ｃ、１９Ｆ、３１Ｐ谱在细胞生物学研究中的应用和方法学。另外还介绍了目前３１Ｐ谱在肿瘤细胞生物学和抗肿瘤药物研究中的应用。     

理解运动行为抑制调控的新视角：乙酰胆碱门控氯离子通道受体

Acetylcholine, the first identified neurotransmitter, plays crucial roles in various brain functions. One well-known case is its involvement as an activating neurotransmitter in the regulation of locomotion. However, its inhibitory regulatory role, particularly in locomotion, remains poorly understood. In a study conducted by Polat et al., the authors investigated the inhibitory role of acetylcholine in locomotion in C. elegans. In this organism, the acetylcholine-gated chloride channel receptor consists of four subunits. The authors thoroughly examined the loss-of-function of each subunit in movement regulation. Interestingly, the mutant worms were still capable of performing various movements such as forward, backward crawling, and turning, suggesting that the overall movement was not significantly affected. However, quantitative behavior analysis revealed subtle yet significant differences in the timing and postures of the movement in these mutants. Furthermore, the authors employed optogenetics to stimulate a specific neuron involved in backward crawling and demonstrated that the loss-of-function of the receptors in individual neurons affects the transitioning between locomotion modes. This work provides evidence for the inhibitory regulatory role of acetylcholine in locomotion. The loss-of-function of acetylcholine-gated chloride channel receptors likely disrupts the balance of neuronal and circuit physiology, thereby affecting the regulation of locomotion. Moreover, this study highlights the powerful role of quantitative behavior analysis in discovering and understanding more sophisticated functions of neural circuits.     

鳜鱼的耗氧率及其池塘养殖

本文较详细地报道了鳜鱼的耗氧率和窒息点,并对鳜鱼和作其饲料的鱼同池饲养的可能性进行了探讨。结果表明,鳜鱼耗氧量和体重正相关（ｒ＝０．９９）,耗氧率与体重反相关（ｒ＝－０．９７）;在水温２０℃,鱼种耗氧率约为０．１４ｍｇ／ｇ．ｈ．,成鱼约为０．１２ｍｇ／ｇ．ｈ．;耗氧量和耗氧率均与水温正相关（ｒ＝０．９０,ｒ＝０．９４）,水温１３—３０℃时,体重２３０±１１．７ｇ的鳜鱼。耗氧量为１４．３１—４２．１３ｍｇ／尾。ｈ．,耗氧率为０．０５９—０．１７５ｍｇ／ｇ．ｈ．;鳜鱼耗氧率昼夜变化与家鱼相反,黄昏至凌晨是高峰期,为０．１２—０．１５ｍｇ／ｇ．ｈ．（Ｔ＝２０℃）,白天是低谷期,为０．０７—０．１０ｍｇ／ｇ．ｈ;;鳜鱼的窒息点与家鱼类较接近,变化范围为０．４５—０．７６ｍｇ／Ｌ;鳜鱼和作其饲料的鱼在同一池塘中饲养,既可持续不断地提供鳜鱼充足的适口饵料,又简单易行,成本低,效益高,有较大的价值。     

有关动物学国外学术会议消息

1984年 (一)4月3—4日 第36届日本卫生动物学会大会,在广岛医师会馆(广岛市西区观音町1-1-1)举行 联系人及地址:日本734岛市南区霞1-2-3,广岛大学医学部寄生虫教研室内,第36届日本卫生动物学会大会事务处,联系人岩     

第19次日美霍乱协作会议侧记

<正>第19次日美霍乱协作会议于1983年10月17日至19日在美国国立卫生研究所召开。会议宣读的论文日本方面11篇,美国方面28篇,共计39篇。此外还有美国的23篇书面材料,所有资料均很有意义。美国方面的研究范围广泛,以上接论文报告顺序作一扼要介绍。     

存在于细胞质因子上的豆科植物根瘤菌的nif基因

与今后地球生物圈的继续存在有关的必须研究的课题为粮食问题。为了弄清楚寄生于植物和与植物共生的微生物遗传的生物化学,正在进行紧张的研究。由于探明了根瘤菌科的根瘤菌属(Rhizohium)和土壤杆菌属(Agrobacterium)的细胞质因子和受其支配的遗传性状某问题,也已确立了分离巨大细胞质因子的方法,并且相继得出了一些极     

球衣细菌的分离鉴定和菌种保藏

从染色废水处理活性污泥中,分离得到具下列主要特征的菌株:革兰氏染色阴性杆菌;0.75—2.0×2.0—6.0微米;鞭毛亚端生;具衣鞘,丝状体有假分支;鞘内外无沉积铁的外壳;不氧化锰化合物;液化明胶微弱;在不同有机质的培养基上,菌落由光滑型过渡到粗糙型。菌株经鉴定为浮游球衣细菌(Sphacrotil(?)s natans)。将培养好的试管菌种加到培养液或灭菌蒸馏水中,在室温下保存已一年以上,方法简便有效;用冻干保存存活时间已在三年以上。     

中国狼尾草属一新种

本文报道了我国狼尾草属一新种即宝鸡狼尾草。Pennisetum ba-ojiense Tong,sp.nov.该新种特征为圆锥花序,下部有近乎轮生之分枝与花枉基部联合不超过1/2处。