人体小脑神经元发育的定量观察

目的:研究人体小脑神经元的发育过程。方法:应用体视学方法,对18例不同时期人体小脑组织Golgi染色后进行观察,观测小脑皮质分层出现的时间,观测并计算神经元的数密度、体密度和表面积密度。结果:6月龄时,小脑皮质出现较明显的分子层、蒲肯野细胞层和颗粒层;星形细胞、篮状细胞、蒲肯野细胞、颗粒细胞和高尔基细胞的的数密度随月龄/年龄的增长而减少,体密度和表面积密度随月龄/年龄的增长而增加,但这些减小和增大是不等速的,6-8月龄变化最明显。结论:人体小脑神经元的发育呈现快慢交替、不均速发展,6～8月是小脑神经元发育的重要时期。     

Methicillin-susceptible ST398 Staphylococcus aureus responsible for bloodstream infections: an emerging human-adapted subclone?

In the course of an annual 3-month bloodstream infections (BSI) survey conducted during a four-year period in 31 healthcare institutions located in three noncontiguous French regions, we report 18 ST398 Staphylococcus aureus BSI. ST398 BSI incidence showed a seven-fold increase during the study period (0.002 per 1,000 patient days in 2007 vs. 0.014 in 2010). ST398 BSI isolates differed from the pig-borne multiresistant clone: 17/18 BSI isolates were methicillin susceptible and none was of t011, t034 or t108 pig-borne spa-types. ST398 BSI isolates had homogenous resistance patterns (15/18 with only Ery(r)) and prophagic content (all harboured the hlb-converting Sau3int phage). The clustering of BSI and pig-borne isolates by spa-typing and MLVA, the occurrence of Sau3int phage in BSI isolates and the lack of this phage in pig-borne isolates suggest that the emergence of BSI isolates could have arisen from horizontal transfer, at least of the Sau3int phage, in genetically diverse MSSA ST398 isolates. The acquisition of the phage likely plays a role in the increasing ability of the lysogenic ST398 isolates to colonize human. The mode of acquisition of the non pig-borne ST398 isolates by our 18 patients remains unclear. ST398 BSI were diagnosed in patients lacking livestock exposure and were significantly associated with digestive portals of entry (3/18 [16.7%] for ST398 vs. 19/767 [2.5%] for non ST398 BSI; p?=?.012). This raises the question of possible foodborne human infections. We suggest the need for active surveillance to study and control the spread of this human-adapted subclone increasingly isolated in the hospital setting.     

Comparison of two management strategies for Helicobacter pylori treatment: clinical study and cost-effectiveness analysis

BACKGROUND: First-line proton pump inhibitor-based triple and quadruple therapies for Helicobacter pylori eradication present similar levels of efficacy. Cross-over treatment (quadruple following triple failure, and triple following quadruple failure) seems the most sensible approach to treatment failures, but the two strategies -'quadruple first' versus 'triple first'- have not been previously compared. The aims of our study were to assess the usefulness and the cost-effectiveness of the two treatment strategies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-nine out of 344 patients included in a previous study comparing triple therapy - 7 days of omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin twice a day - with quadruple therapy - 7 days of omeprazole twice a day, plus tetracycline, metronidazole and bismuth subcitrate three times a day - failed initial treatment and were assigned to cross-over therapy. Cure was determined by urea breath test. A decision analysis was performed to compare the two eradication strategies. RESULTS: Intention to treat cure rates were 46% (10/22 patients; 95% CI 24-68%) for second-line triple therapy and 63% (17/27 patients; 95% CI 42-81%) for second-line quadruple therapy. Per protocol cure rates were 71% and 85%, respectively. Intention to treat cure rates were 87% (95% CI 81-92%) for the 'triple first' versus 86% (95% CI 80-91%) for the 'quadruple first' strategy (p = .87). The 'quadruple first' strategy was more cost-effective. The incremental cost of 'triple first' strategy per person was 19 in the low-cost area and 65 US dollars in the high-cost area. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of 'triple first' and 'quadruple first' strategies is similar, although the latter seems slightly more cost-effective.     

PHA-767491抑制多种肿瘤细胞生长

Cdc7激酶抑制剂PHA-767491是最新发现的一类抗肿瘤新药.本实验利用不同浓度的PHA-767491对肿瘤细胞进行抑制研究.实验结果显示,PHA-767491对肿瘤细胞有很强的生长抑制作用,且抑制效果随着药物浓度或时间的增加而增强;通过和化疗药物5-氟尿嘧啶对比发现,PHA-767491只需较低剂量就能发挥出抑制肿瘤的作用,且疗效远高于5-氟尿嘧啶.研究进一步还发现,PHA-767491可通过促使PARP和casepase3蛋白的剪切诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,同时PHA-767491还可以引起肿瘤细胞自噬.综上研究表明,PHA-767491可以通过诱导细胞凋亡和引起细胞自噬作用对多种肿瘤细胞有较好的治疗效果,而对正常细胞毒性很低.因此该实验研究为今后抗肿瘤新药PHA-767491的进一步应用于癌症的临床治疗提供了重要的实验依据.     

在笼型蛋白和脂筏介导的两种内吞途径中nephrin的磷酸化修饰动力学不同

研究肾小球裂隙膜的主要成分nephrin分子在细胞内的转运途径及不同转运途径对nephrin磷酸化的影响.分别应用笼型蛋白介导的内吞(clathrin-mediated endocytosis,CME)和脂筏介导的内吞(raft-mediated endocytosis,RME)标记物转铁蛋白和霍乱毒素B亚基对nephrin的内吞过程进行分析,并进一步应用两种内吞途径阻断物EPS15Δ和Dyn2aK44A,研究阻断nephrin的内吞途径对其磷酸化水平的影响.结果显示,nephrin通过笼型蛋白和脂筏介导的两种内吞途径以不同速率进行内吞;与Src酪氨酸激酶家族成员Fyn共表达时,细胞内nephrin酪氨酸磷酸化被增强,而在Src家族激酶抑制剂PP2的作用下,nephrin酪氨酸磷酸化被减弱,表明nephrin的磷酸化过程是Fyn依赖的;内吞20min时,笼型蛋白介导的内吞途径的特异性阻断物EPS15Δ降低了nephrin磷酸化水平、笼型蛋白和脂筏介导的内吞途径的通用抑制剂Dyn2aK44A则增加了nephrin的磷酸化水平,综上结果表明:单独阻断脂筏介导的内吞可引起nephrin的磷酸化水平增加,脂筏介导的内吞对nephrin磷酸化过程起下调作用.     

VicRK(YycFG)双组分调节系统

细菌双组分调节系统,或称之为双组分信号转导系统,是细菌感应外界多变环境,维持自身存活和生长繁衍的重要感应系统.在这些调节系统中,最早发现于枯草芽孢杆菌的VicRK(YycFG)系统因与细胞存活密切相关而倍受关注.该系统存在于少数低G+C含量的革兰氏阳性菌中,包括金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎链球菌等致病菌,高度保守.许多证据显示,VicRK(YycFG)具有调控细胞壁合成与代谢、胞膜完整、细胞分裂、脂类代谢、多糖合成与被膜形成以及细菌毒力等多种功能,参与细胞的生长、分裂与感染.该系统异常可导致细菌生活力严重下降,甚至死亡,因而成为防治该类病原菌的重要靶标.     

镧和钐对月季切花衰老的影响

0.5×10-3mol·L-1的La3+和Sm3+溶液均能改善月季切花体内的水分平衡,增加切花鲜重和维持花径大小,减少花瓣溶质外渗,维持细胞膜结构的稳定性,降低呼吸速率,使切花瓶插寿命延长2￣3d。     

去甲斑蝥素与单克隆抗体偶联物治疗肝癌实验研究

用大鼠单克隆抗体３Ａ５与去甲斑蝥素（ＮＣＴＤ）制备偶联物,ＥＬＩＳＡ检测结果表明：３Ａ５－ＮＣＴＤ偶联物保持对人肝癌ＢＥＬ－７４０２细胞和小鼠肝癌Ｈ２２细胞的免疫反应性。克隆生成法测定结果显示：３Ａ５－ＮＣＴＤ具有比ＮＣＴＤ更强的细胞毒性。小鼠腹腔内移植肿瘤,ｉｐ给药,３Ａ５－ＮＣＴＤ和ＮＣＴＤ的ＩＬＳ值分别为１１１％和３７％。结果说明在腹腔肿瘤的治疗方面３Ａ５－ＮＣＴＤ具有比游离ＮＣＴＤ更强的治