Characterization of root agravitropism induced by genetic, chemical, and developmental constraints

The patterns and rates of organelle redistribution in columella (i.e., putative statocyte) cells of agravitropic agt mutants of Zea mays are not significantly different from those of columella cells in graviresponsive roots. Graviresponsive roots of Z. mays are characterized by a strongly polar movement of 45Ca2+ across the root tip from the upper to the lower side. Horizontally-oriented roots of agt mutants exhibit only a minimal polar transport of 45Ca2+. Exogenously-induced asymmetries of Ca result in curvature of agt roots toward the Ca source. A similar curvature can be induced by a Ca asymmetry in normally nongraviresponsive (i.e., lateral) roots of Phaseolus vulgaris. Similarly, root curvature can be induced by placing the roots perpendicular to an electric field. This electrotropism increased with 1) currents between 8-35 mA, and 2) time between 1-9 hr when the current is constant. Electrotropism is reduced significantly by treating roots with triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), an inhibitor of auxin transport. These results suggest that 1) if graviperception occurs via the sedimentation of amyloplasts in columella cells, then nongraviresponsive roots apparently sense gravity as do graviresponsive roots, 2) exogenously-induced asymmetries of a gravitropic effector (i.e., Ca) can induce curvature of normally nongraviresponsive roots, 3) the gravity-induced downward movement of exogenously-applied 45Ca2+ across tips of graviresponsive roots does not occur in nongraviresponsive roots, 4) placing roots in an electrical field (i.e., one favoring the movement of ions such as Ca2+) induces root curvature, and 5) electrically-induced curvature is apparently dependent on auxin transport. These results are discussed relative to a model to account for the lack of graviresponsiveness by these roots.     

兔栓尾线虫成虫体表结构的扫描电镜观察

本虫最初由Rudolphi在1819年定名为Oxyurts ambigua,随后由Dujardin于1845年修订为Pa ssalurus ambiguus。本虫种在光镜下的形态已有描述,但迄今尚无电子显微镜观察报道。本文报告兔拴尾线虫成虫在扫描电子显徽镜下的体表徽细结构。     

Influence of microgravity on cellular differentiation in root caps of Zea mays

We launched imbibed seeds of Zea mays into outer space aboard the space shuttle Columbia to determine the influence of microgravity on cellular differentiation in root caps. The influence of microgravity varied with different stages of cellular differentiation. Overall, microgravity tended to 1) increase relative volumes of hyaloplasm and lipid bodies, 2) decrease the relative volumes of plastids, mitochondria, dictyosomes, and the vacuome, and 3) exert no influence on the relative volume of nuclei in cells comprising the root cap. The reduced allocation of dictyosomal volume in peripheral cells of flight-grown seedlings correlated positively with their secretion of significantly less mucilage than peripheral cells of Earth-grown seedlings. These results indicate that 1) microgravity alters the patterns of cellular differentiation and structures of all cell types comprising the root cap, and 2) the influence of microgravity on cellular differentiation in root caps of Zea mays is organelle specific.     

用气-液相色谱仪测定细胞分裂素

我们实验室曾用生物鉴定法和高效液相色谱测定细胞分裂素类物质。前者不能辨出细胞分裂素的各成分,测得的只是总活性。后者虽能快速测定细胞分裂素的各成分,但对样品的纯化程度要求较高,都有一定局限性;气相色谱仪则对样品纯化程度要求相对较低,并能准确、快速地测定细胞分裂     

~(14)C示踪与微机控制装置的植物光合速率测量仪

作物叶片光合效率和光合产物运转分配的快速、准确测定,一直是光合生理、光能利用和评价品种光合特性工作中需要解决的基本问题。红外CO_2气体分析法是目前测定光合作用普遍采用的方法。由于精密仪器可携性和电源的限制而给田间使用带来不便,因此,不少人致力于红外仪的     

不同提取介质对植物材料游离氨基酸测定的影响

在同一材料中各种酸提取介质的提取效果相差不大;而不同材料的酸/醇提取液中的游离氨基酸总量则有很大的差异。游离氨基酸的酸/醇溶出比率在很大程度上取决于材料本身的结构。酸提取法对各类氨基酸,特别是极性氨基酸组分的提取效果较好。     

花叶万年青的组织培养

植物名称:花叶万年青(Dieffenbachia picta)材料类别:带腋芽的茎段培养条件:基本培养基为MS。芽诱导培养基附加BA1mg/L,NAA0.1mg/L;增殖培养基去除NAA,仅附加BA10mg/L,培养温度25～30％,光照强度2000lx,每日光照10小时。生长和分化:剪取茎段,剥去叶片,经消毒后用无菌水冲洗8～9次,在无菌条件下,切成约1cm长的茎段,每段带一腋芽,或者切成带芽的片状三角形。接种在芽诱导培养基上,接种7天后,可见芽肿胀隆起。其后,芽逐渐萌动,但生长缓慢。约10周     

中国甜樱桃名贵品种的离体繁殖

植物名称:中国甜樱桃(Prunus pseudocerasus)中的安徽太和名贵品种“大鹰嘴”和“金红”。材料类别:成年樱桃树上的一年生冬季休眠芽和春、夏季生长的新枝。培养条件:1986年冬季、春季及夏季剪取一年生休眠条和生长条。冬季休眠条经冷藏(6±1℃)25天后插在不同溶液中(2％蔗糖液、1mg/L6-BA液、蒸馏水为对照),在室温23～25℃和每日16小时光和8小时暗条件下催芽,然后切取萌发新枝上的芽节,