弓形虫与宿主细胞相互作用研究进展

刚地弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)在细胞内严格寄生,因此它能引起哺乳类宿主(包括人类)细胞的感染。凋亡在宿主细胞与弓形虫的相互作用中发挥着重要的作用。在未受感染的宿主细胞中,凋亡被间接机制所限制,因而宿主细胞能够对弓形虫发生炎症反应。与之相反,在被感染的宿主细胞中,由于凋亡信号级联反应直接受到了干扰,从而抑制了宿主细胞凋亡,这就有利于弓形虫在宿主细胞内的生存和发育。值得注意的是,弓形虫调节和抑制凋亡的两种能力,需要一个精密的调节系统来调控弓形虫和宿主细胞的相互作用,以维持弓形虫稳定的持续感染。重点从弓形虫有关的宿主细胞的凋亡方面进行了介绍。     

Immunoprofiling of Drosophila Hemocytes by Single-cell Mass Cytometry

Single-cell mass cytometry(SCMC) combines features of traditional flow cytometry(i.e.,fluorescence-activated cell sorting) with mass spectrometry,making it possible to measure several parameters at the single-cell level for a complex analysis of biological regulatory mechanisms.In this study,we optimized SCMC to analyze hemocytes of the Drosophila innate immune system.We used metal-conjugated antibodies(against cell surface antigens H2,H3,H18,L1,L4,and P1,and intracellular antigens 3 A5 and L2) and anti-IgM(against cell surface antigen L6) to detect the levels of antigens,while anti-GFP was used to detect crystal cells in the immune-induced samples.We investigated the antigen expression profile of single cells and hemocyte populations in naive states,in immune-induced states,in tumorous mutants bearing a driver mutation in the Drosophila homologue of Janus kinase(hop~(Tum)) and carrying a deficiency of the tumor suppressor gene lethal(3)malignant blood neoplasm-1 [1(3)mbn~1],as well as in stem cell maintenance-defective hdc~(Δ84) mutant larvae.Multidimensional analysis enabled the discrimination of the functionally different major hemocyte subsets for lamellocytes,plasmatocytes,and crystal cells,and delineated the unique immunophenotype of Drosophila mutants.We have identified subpopulations of L2~+/P1~+and L2~+/L4~+/P1~+ transitional phenotype cells in the tumorous strains l(3)mbn~1 and hop~(Tum),respectively,and a subpopulation of L4~+/P1~+ cells upon immune induction.Our results demonstrated for the first time that SCMC,combined with multidimensional bioinformatic analysis,represents a versatile and powerful tool to deeply analyze the regulation of cell-mediated immunity of Drosophila.     

头鲂胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ基因克隆与分析

胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)是一单链多肽。在脊椎动物中，IGF-Ⅰ通过介导生长激素达到促进生长的作用。为研究鲤科鱼类IGF-Ⅰ的结构功能及在水产养殖中的潜在应用前景，采用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法，从团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)肝脏的总RNA中扩增出IGF-ⅠCdna。测定了该基因序列，推导其编码的蛋白质序列。克隆 的Cdna序列编码包括信号肽和B、C、A、D、E 6个区域的161个氨基酸。E区域分析结果表明所克隆的团头鲂IGF-Ⅰ序列属于IGF-ⅠEa-2亚型。     

封面植物介绍--裸果木

裸果木(Gymnocarpos przewalskii Bunge ex Maxim.)隶属于石竹科裸果木属,起源第三纪,是古地中海残遗珍稀濒危植物,别名“瘦果石竹”。多年生落叶半灌木,株高50~100 cm。叶线形,长5~20 mm,宽1~1.5 mm,近无柄,顶端短尖,基部稍收缩,偏肉质,表面覆蜡质层,无被毛,无明显叶脉;托叶膜质鳞片状;叶对生或互生。茎有两种形态,直立或曲折,节间膨大,多分枝;老枝灰褐色,剥裂,嫩枝红褐色。     

具有复杂聚酮桥接和熔合环系统的笼状聚酮化合物的发现

大量的事实表明,真菌是寻找新分子的主要来源之一。孢粉菌属是孢粉菌科中的真菌属,包含80多个物种,广泛分布于世界亚寒带和温带地区。它由牲畜和野生食草动物的粪便上的共生物种和生活在植物中的内生物种组成。这些物种的孢子具有黑褐色和隔膜的特征,并有明显的乙字形发芽孔,能够产生各种次级代谢产物,包括黄酮、色酮、大环内酯、有机酸、三萜类、类固醇和含氮化合物等。     

Development of Lateral-flow Immunoassay for WSSV with Polyclonal Antibodies Raised against Recombinant VP （19＋28） Fusion Protein

We have developed a sensitive and rapid lateral-flow immunoassay (LFIA) for WSSV, using colloidal gold as an indicator. The fusion protein, VP (19 28), was expressed in E. coli, purified and used to prepare polyclonal antibodies. The purified anti-VP (19 28) IgG were conjugated with colloidal gold. Unconjugated anti-VP (19 28) IgG and goat anti-rabbit IgG were immobilized on nitrocellulose membranes. After assembly, three groups (5 individual animals in each group) of shrimp samples were tested which included healthy, moribund and dead shrimps. For each group, three different tissues (body juices, gills and hepatopancreas) were tested at the same time. In parallel, all the samples were also analyzed using PCR for comparison. Out of 45 samples tested, 30 were detected as positive while 15 were classified as negative. The results of LFIA correlate with those obtained by the PCR analysis, indicating that these two detection methods have the same efficacy in the limited number of samples tested in this preliminary study.     

Using the SELDI ProteinChip System to Detect Changes in Protein Expression in Vero Cells after Infection

Human herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-l) causes facial, ocular, and encephalitic disease and is associated with latent infection and cancer. Here, we developed a means of studying the pathogenesis of HSV-l infection at the protein level by using the SELDI Protein Chip to detect changes of protein expression in Vero cells cultured in vitro. After infection with HSV-l and culture for 12, 24 or 48 h, cells were harvested and lysed. IMAC3 arrays were applied to SELDI-TOF-MS to detect proteomic differences before and after infection. The chip detected a series of differentially expressed protein peaks. Interestingly, both peaks at 16 912 Da and 17 581 Da corresponded precisely with the molecular mass of ISG 15, which may participate in antiviral activity during the process of infection. Thus, the results we obtained can serve as a basis to study the pathogenesis of HSV-1 and the interaction between the virus and its host. In addition, they can help in the discovery of new therapeutic targets for treatment of HSV-l infection.     

HFE C282Y homozygotes aged 25-29 years at HEIRS Study initial screening

We characterized HFE C282Y homozygotes aged 25-29 years in the HEmochromatosis and IRon Overload Screening (HEIRS) Study using health questionnaire responses, transferrin saturation (TfSat), serum ferritin (SF), and HFE genotyping. In eight homozygotes, we used denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and sequencing to search for HFE2 (= HJV), TFR2, HAMP, SLC40A1 (= FPN1), and FTL mutations. Sixteen of 4,008 White or Hispanic participants aged 25-29 years had C282Y homozygosity (15 White, 1 Hispanic); 15 were previously undiagnosed. Eleven had elevated TfSat; nine had elevated SF. None reported iron overload-associated abnormalities. No deleterious non-HFE mutations were detected. The prevalence of C282Y homozygosity in White or Hispanic HEIRS Study participants aged 25-29 years did not differ significantly from the prevalence of C282Y homozygosity in older White or Hispanic HEIRS Study participants. The prevalences of reports of iron overload-associated abnormalities were not significantly different in these 16 C282Y homozygotes and in HFE wt/wt control participants aged 25-29 years who did not report having hemochromatosis or iron overload. We conclude that C282Y homozygotes aged 25-29 years diagnosed by screening infrequently report having iron overload-associated abnormalities, although some have elevated SF. Screening using an elevated TfSat criterion would fail to detect some C282Y homozygotes aged 25-29 years.     

Variation of Bioactive Compounds in Hypericum perforatum Growing in Turkey During Its Phenological Cycle

The present study was conducted to determine phenologic and morphogeneUc variation of hyperlcln, chlorogenlc acid and flavonoids, as rutin, hyperoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, quercitrin, quercetin content of Hypericum perforatum L. growing in Turkey. Wild growing plants were harvested at vegetative, floral budding, full flowering, fresh frulUng and mature fruiting stages and dissected into stem, leaf and reproductive tissues and assayed for bioacUve compounds by the High performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method. Hypericin concentration ranged between 0 and 2.73 mg/g DW, chlorogenic acid 0.00-3.64 mg/g DW, rutin 0.00-3.36 mg/g DW, hyperoside 0.04- 22.42 mg/g DW, quercitrin 0.03-3.46 mg/g DW and quercetin 0.04-1.02 mg/g DW depending on ontogenetic and morphogenetic sampling. Leaves were found to be superior to stems and reproductive parts with regard to phenolic accumulation for all compounds tested while flowers accumulated the highest levels of hypericln. Quercltrln, quercetln and hypericin content in all tissues increased with advancing of developmental stages and reached their highest level during flower ontogenesis. Similarly, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside and apigenin-7-O-glucoside content in different plant parts increased during plant development, however, the highest level was observed at different stages of plant phenology for each tissue. Chlorogenic acid was not detected in stems, leaves and reproductive parts in several stages of plant phenology and its variation during plant growth showed inconsistent manner. In contrast to the other compounds examined, rutin content of stems and leaves decreased with advanc- ing of plant development and the highest level for both tissues was observed at the vegetative stage. However, content of the same compound in reproductive parts was the highest at mature fruiting. The present findings might be useful to obtain increased concentration of these natural compounds.     

植物细胞质膜离子通道研究进展

多种有机和无机离子作为重要的营养物质、渗透物质、辅酶和信号分子, 参与植物生殖、生长发育和逆境反应等多种生物学过程。离子通道是离子跨质膜和内膜运动的重要渠道和动态调控因子, 直接影响和调控细胞内离子浓度及亚细胞分布的动态变化。目前, 植物尤其是模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)的多个离子通道家族被先后鉴定出来, 其中部分离子通道蛋白定位在细胞质膜上, 其基本生物学功能, 诸如蛋白结构、离子选择性和通透性、门控特点、活性调控机理以及不同离子通道之间的协同关系等均取得重要进展。该文概要介绍近年来植物细胞质膜离子通道方面的研究进展。