Effects of Temperature Acclimation Pretreatment on the Ultrastructure of Mesophyll Cells in Young Grape Plants （Vitis vinifera L. cv. Jingxiu） Under Cross-Temperature Stresses

Leaves from annual young grape plants （Vitis vinifera L. cv. Jingxiu） were used as experimental materials. The ultrastructural characteristics of mesophyll cells in chilling-treated plants after heat acclimation （HA） and in heat-treated plants after cold acclimation （CA） were observed and compared using transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that slight injury appeared in the ultrastructure of mesophyll cells after either HA （38℃ for 10 h） or CA （8℃ for 2.5 d）, but the tolerance to subsequent extreme temperature stress was remarkably improved by HA or CA pretreatment. The increases in membrane permeability and malondialdehyde concentration under chilling （0℃） or heat （45℃） stress were markedly inhibited by HA or CA pretreatment. The mesophyll cells of plants not pretreated with HA were markedly damaged following chilling stress. The chloroplasts appeared irregular in shape, the arrangement of the stroma lamellae was disordered, and no starch granules were present. The cristae of the mitochondria were disrupted and became empty. The nucleus became irregular in shape and the nuclear membrane was digested. In contrast, the mesophyll cells of HA-pretreated plants maintained an intact ultrastructure under chilling stress. The mesophyll cells of control plants were also severely damaged under heat stress. The chloroplast became round in shape, the stroma lamellae became swollen, and the contents of vacuoles formed clumps. In the case of mitochondria of control plants subjected to heat stress, the outer envelope was digested and the cristae were disrupted and became many small vesicles. Compared with cellular organelles in control plants, those in CA plant cells always maintained an integrated state during whole heat stress, except for the chloroplasts, which became round in shape after 10 h heat stress. From these data, we suggest that the stability of mesophyll cells under chilling stress can be increased by HA pretreatment. Similarly, CA pretreatment can protect chloroplasts, mitochondria, and the nucleus against subsequent heat stress; thus, the thermoresistance of grape seedlings was improved. The results obtained in the present study are the first, to our knowledge, to offered cytological evidence of cross-adaptation to temperature stresses in grape plants.     

基于红外相机技术监测秦岭山地引水工程对大中型兽类种群影响的初报

2015年1月—2016年12月,采用红外相机技术在陕西省引汉济渭工程作业区设置4个监测点,对保护兽类种群变化进行了监测研究。监测共发现大中型陆栖兽类3目9科9种,其中,川金丝猴Rhinopithecus roxellana、秦岭羚牛Budorcas bedfordi和林麝Moschus berezovskii为国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物,野猪Sus scrofa和黄鼬Mustela sibirica在监测中的遇见频次最多。随着工程的推进,与2015年相比,2016年监测发现的物种数量和遇见频次均呈减少的趋势。这说明该工程带来的人为干扰、噪音、景观的改变对区内栖息的野生动物具有不利的影响,已经出现动物活动减少、发生迁移的现象,这有可能会进一步影响秦岭动物群落结构和种群空间分布。建议加强动物种群变化监测,减少人为干扰,严格控制动物栖息地破坏程度,做好景观和植被恢复工程。     

大口鲇和鲇鱼血清蛋白质及同工酶的比较研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶垂直板电泳,分析了大口鲇和鲇鱼的血清蛋白质以及心脏、肝脏、眼和肌肉4种组织的EST及MDH同工酶。结果表明,大口鲇和鲇鱼的血清蛋白质均能分离出20条左右的谱带,两者既表现出相同的谱带,又表现出迁移率和含量都不同的带型。两者的EST和MDH同工酶在4种组织及血清中均能特异性地表达,存在明显的组织和物种特异性。本文认为肝脏是研究大口鲇和鲇鱼种群生化遗传结构与变异的理想材料,同时还探讨了两种鲇鱼的M DH同工酶位点。 Abstract:The serum proteins and isozymes in four tissues (heart,liver,eye and musele)of Smeridionalis Chen and S.asotus Linnaeus were analyzed by polyacrylamide gradient gel vertical electrophoresis.The isozymes are esterase(EST)and malate dehytrogenase(MDH).The results showed that electrophoretograme of serum proteins were about 20 protein pattens in two species catfish,they were either the same protein pattens or the different pattens.Electrophoretogram of isozymes(EST,MDH)in two species catfish indicated tissues and species specificity.Experiment considered that the liver was a good material studied biochemical genetic constitution and variation in species group of S.meridionalis Chen and S.asotus Linnaeus.     

9号染色体臂间倒位21例分析

在2 703例遗传咨询门诊病例中检出9号染色体臂间倒位21例,将本组inv(9)的频率与普通群体inv(9)的频率作比较,并通过对伴有其它性状的inv(9)家系的分析,讨论了inv(9)的遗传效应问题。 Abstract:　Twenty one cases of pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 were found in 2703 patients asking genetic counseling. The percentage of inv(9) in this group was compared with that in normal population. Two special pedigrees with inv(9) were analyzed and the genetic effects of inv(9) were discussed.     

以胞质分裂阻滞法研究女性年龄与体细胞中 21号染色体分离异常的关系

21三体是人类最常见的先天性疾病,约95%患儿的超数21号染色体来源于母亲,且随母龄增加患儿出生率也随之增加。本文首次运用胞质分裂阻滞法(CB法)对不同年龄女性体细胞进行荧光原位杂交,对其21号染色体的分离情况进行分析。结果表明,随年龄的增加,女性体细胞中21号染色体不分离也随之增加,但21号染色体丢失无年龄效应, 且21号染色体不分离频率远高于其丢失。该结果表明,女性体细胞中21号染色体不分离与生殖细胞同样存在年龄效应。 Abstract　　Trisomy 21 is the most common genetic desease in human. More than 90% is derived from mother. With the advancing of mother's age, the frequency of trisomy 21 is increasing. We detected the relation between chromosome 21 missegregation and age in cytokinesis-blocked female lymphocytes by　in situ　hybridization with chromosome 21 specfic probe. We have found that the age effect also exists in female somatic cells as in gamets.     

Construction of a cucumber genetic linkage map with SRAP markers and location of the genes for lateral branch traits

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. 2n = 2x = 14), thatbelongs to Cucurbitaceae family, is one of majorvegetables with a planting area second to that of to-mato in the world[1]. Due to its economical importanceplant breeders and geneticists have paid much atten-tion to the genetic study on this important vegetablecrop, but the research progress in cucumber is muchless than that in tomato. In 1990, Pierce[2] reviewed allthe reported genes of cucumber that had been geneti-cally analyzed since the 1930…     

模拟增温对川西亚高山人工林土壤有机碳含量和土壤呼吸的影响

采用原位OTCs模拟增温方法,研究了川西亚高山人工云杉林下土壤有机碳含量、土壤呼吸速率及土壤酶活性对温度升高的响应.结果表明：在2005年11月—2007年7月的模拟增温试验期间,林下空气平均温度和土壤平均温度分别比对照提高了042 ℃和025 ℃.增温1年和2年后的0～10 cm和10～20 cm层土壤有机碳、C/N均比对照有所降低：增温1年后,在0～10 cm层分别降低了869%和852%;增温2年后的降低幅度比增温1年后有所缓解.与对照相比,增温1年后土壤呼吸速率显著提高;2年后,土壤呼吸没有明显差异,表现出对温度升高的适应性.增温1年后,蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶、脲酶和多酚氧化酶活性均增强,其中0～10 cm土层的蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶活性与对照的差异达到显著水平;增温2年后,蔗糖酶、蛋白酶和脲酶活性仍有所增强,但过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性与对照相比则呈下降趋势.