怀地黄脱毒种苗大田生长性状及产量品质

为研究怀地黄(Rehmannia glutinosa)脱毒种苗大田生长、产量和品质状况,对大田中不同时期脱毒苗和非脱毒苗的形态指标、生理特性、光合特性、产量及品质等进行了测定。结果表明,脱毒苗的株高、冠幅、叶片数、最大叶面积、功能叶片的光合色素含量和净光合速率等各项指标均优于非脱毒苗,块根产量提高、品质改善,增产幅度在77.35%以上,药用成分梓醇含量提高了32.90%。     

高效液相色谱法分离和鉴定腐马素B_1

腐马素是由串珠镰刀菌产生的真菌毒素,其中腐马素B1可引发马脑白质软化症等疾病。本文用高效液相色谱法从串珠镰刀菌玉米培养物中分离出了腐马素B1并通过紫外光谱和快原子轰击质谱进行了鉴定。     

Association of N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide with Cognitive Function and Depression in Elderly People with Type 2 Diabetes

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with risk of congestive heart failure (CHF), cognitive dysfunction and depression. CHF itself is linked both to poor cognition and depression. The ventricular N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a marker of CHF, suggesting potential as a marker for cognitive impairment and/or depression. This was tested in the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study (ET2DS).

Methodology and Principal Findings

Cross-sectional analysis of 1066 men and women aged 60–75 with type 2 diabetes. Results from seven neuropsychological tests were combined in a standardised general cognitive ability factor, ‘g’. A vocabulary-based test estimated pre-morbid cognitive ability. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) assessed possible depression. After adjustment for age and sex, raised plasma NT-proBNP was weakly associated with lower ‘g’ and higher depression scores (ß −0.09, 95% CI −0.13 to −0.03, p = 0.004 and ß 0.08, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.12, p<0.001, respectively). Comparing extreme quintiles of NT-proBNP, subjects in the highest quintile were more likely to have reduced cognitive ability (within the lowest tertile of ‘g’) and ‘possible’ depression (HADS depression ≥8) (OR 1.80; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.70; p = 0.005 and OR 2.18; 95% CI: 1.28, 3.71; p = 0.004, respectively). Associations persisted when pre-morbid ability was adjusted for, but as expected were no longer statistically significant following the adjustment for diabetes-related and vascular co-variates (β −0.02, 95% CI −0.07 to 0.03, p>0.05 for ‘g’; β 0.03, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.07, p>0.05 for depression scores).

Conclusion

Raised plasma NT-proBNP was weakly but statistically significantly associated with poorer cognitive function and depression. The prospective phases of the ET2DS will help determine whether or not NT-proBNP can be considered a risk marker for subsequent cognitive impairment and incident depression and whether it provides additional information over and above traditional risk factors for these conditions.     

PM_(2.5)致炎症作用及其机制研究进展

大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)能够深入下呼吸道,直达肺泡,并且能透过肺呼吸道屏障,进入循环系统,随血流而到达全身各靶器官,对其组织细胞造成伤害。除诱发呼吸系统疾病外,PM2.5还能致心血管疾病、糖尿病、恶性肿瘤等多种疾病的发生和发展。PM2.5致局部组织或系统的急性或慢性炎症、炎症细胞的浸润、炎症因子的异常表达与释放等,被认为是致人体健康损伤的重要机制。在综述PM2.5与炎症细胞的相互作用、炎症因子的表达与释放等致炎症效应新成果的基础上,概述了近年来人们对于PM2.5致炎症作用机制的新认识。     

以胞质分裂阻滞法研究女性年龄与体细胞中 21号染色体分离异常的关系

21三体是人类最常见的先天性疾病,约95%患儿的超数21号染色体来源于母亲,且随母龄增加患儿出生率也随之增加。本文首次运用胞质分裂阻滞法(CB法)对不同年龄女性体细胞进行荧光原位杂交,对其21号染色体的分离情况进行分析。结果表明,随年龄的增加,女性体细胞中21号染色体不分离也随之增加,但21号染色体丢失无年龄效应, 且21号染色体不分离频率远高于其丢失。该结果表明,女性体细胞中21号染色体不分离与生殖细胞同样存在年龄效应。 Abstract　　Trisomy 21 is the most common genetic desease in human. More than 90% is derived from mother. With the advancing of mother's age, the frequency of trisomy 21 is increasing. We detected the relation between chromosome 21 missegregation and age in cytokinesis-blocked female lymphocytes by　in situ　hybridization with chromosome 21 specfic probe. We have found that the age effect also exists in female somatic cells as in gamets.     

植物生长调节物质在提高林木幼苗成活率方面的应用

目前,植苗造林是我国主要造林方式,造林用的苗木,大部分是裸根苗,苗圃中的幼苗,经过起苗、选苗、假植、包装、运输、移栽等环节,容易造成裸根苗的机械损伤,影响根系的生长和造林成活率。1978年以来,我们使用几种植物生长调节物质,对黑龙江省主要造林树种的幼苗,进行移栽前的根系处理,可以增强幼林的抗旱能力,提高造林成活率与幼林平均年高生长。     

药物筛选生物技术与抗细胞凋亡PI3K信号传导路径

细胞信号传导PI3K-Akt路径涉及细胞周期、再生、分化、衰老与凋亡的调控,采用高通量生物技术分析基因表达谱可用于抗肿瘤或抗衰老的基因与药物筛选.化学诱变剂甲磺酸乙酯(ethlmethane sulformate, EMS)处理CHO细胞,筛选到抗10 μM、20 μM浓度lovastatin的E10、E20突变细胞系,将E10细胞再经诱变剂EMS处理,筛选到抗70 μM浓度lovastatin的ZE70细胞系.Igf-2刺激基因突变的肌肉萎缩小鼠肌肉细胞系,Western免疫杂交试验结果显示,PI3K-Akt路径的Akt蛋白质磷酸化功能正常.生长因子Igf-2刺激肌肉细胞系C2C12的cDNA基因芯片实验表明,促细胞再生、分化相关的基因表达上调,细胞凋亡相关的基因表达下调.细胞的基因突变,激素、Igf-2等生长因子刺激,往往是肿瘤发生的病因;但是,Igf-2等可用于抗肌肉萎缩疾病,以及抗细胞凋亡与衰老的药物筛选.     

盐胁迫下大豆根组织定量PCR分析中内参基因的选择

实时荧光定量PCR已广泛用于基因表达的分析, 适当的内参基因选择是获得准确分析结果的关键。在大豆(Glycine max)分子生物学研究中, 逆境响应基因和microRNA (miRNA)表达的内参辅助检测基因均有哪些目前尚不清楚。该研究选用不同盐梯度和时间点组合处理的大豆根组织为材料, 对已报道的其它条件下表达相对稳定的内参基因(ACT、ACT2/7、CYP2、ELF1A、ELF1B、F-Box、TUA和UBC2)以及miRNA内参基因(U6、miR1515a、miR1520c、miR1520d、miR171a和miR171b)的表达情况进行了全面检测; 并采用Δ-Ct、Bestkeeper、NormFinder和Genorm四种方法对检测结果进行了综合分析, 发现ELF1B和CYP2适合作为大豆根系盐胁迫响应基因研究的内参基因, miR1515a和U6适合作为盐胁迫下大豆根组织miRNA研究的内参。上述研究结果为大豆盐胁迫响应基因和miRNA表达及其进一步的功能研究奠定了基础。     

多效唑(PP333)对美洲商陆毛状根生长和商陆皂苷甲产生的影响

为了探究植物生长调节剂多效唑(PP333)调控药用植物美洲商陆(Phytolacca americana)毛状根生长和次生代谢的可能性, 设计实验并探讨PP333对美洲商陆毛状根生长及其商陆皂苷甲含量的影响。结果表明, 与对照相比, PP333使毛状根根尖及侧根表面呈浅红色, 侧根变得短而粗, 且随着培养基内PP333浓度的升高, 根表面颜色加深。培养基中添加0.5-5.0 mg·L^-1 PP333能促进毛状根中商陆皂苷甲的产生, 其中以1.0 mg·L^-1 PP333的效果最好, 其商陆皂苷甲含量达6.22 mg·g^-1 DW, 约为对照的1.94倍。PP333能提高毛状根苯丙氨酸裂解酶(PAL)的活性, 并可能通过对PAL酶活性的调节来促进毛状根中商陆皂苷甲的产生。     

关于中国淡水生态系统生物多样性监测与管理的探讨

China is one of the countries in the world with therichest species biodiversityinfreshwater ecosystem.How-ever,duetothe rapid economic growthandthe continuingincrease of human disturbances and destructions of aquatichabitats,the biodiversity of freshwater ecosystemsis dras-tically declining.Waterbodies become more and more“deserted”of sensitive species.Water areas are reduced,fragmentized,and changed in their hydrodynamics(i.e.damming),causing changes in sedimentation and otherchanges.Forinstance,the area o...