小型猪与梅山猪Prop1基因的比较分析

Prop1是一种新发现的参与早期胚胎垂体发育的特异性转录因子。在人和动物均已发现由于该基因突变而引起的综合性垂体功能障碍,进而影响生长和繁殖。小型猪与梅山猪比较,其繁殖力和生长性能差异显著,为了了解这些差异的遗传基础,本试验对五指山猪、藏猪和版纳猪三种小型猪的Prop1基因进行克隆测序,并与已知梅山猪的序列进行对比,结果为:五指山猪与藏猪外显子1第69位发生G-A碱基替换,编码同义氨基酸;藏猪外显子2第115位发生A-G碱基替换,编码终止密码子;藏猪与版纳猪外显子3第466位和第631位均发生C-T碱基替换,第466位藏猪编码同义氨基酸;第631位版纳猪编码丝氨酸(TCC),梅山猪编码脯氨酸(CCC),即两种猪的Prop1基因产物不同。在Prop1基因终止密码下游250左右有一个腺苷酸丰富区,五指山猪与藏猪有15个腺苷酸串联,版纳猪有12个。上述结果为进一步研究大猪和小型猪之间生产性能差异的遗传基础提供了新线索。     

假结核耶尔森氏菌flhDC基因影响细菌运动性和生物膜形成

假结核耶尔森氏菌YPIII鞭毛系统的一级主调控基因flhDC缺失突变, 所得突变株在细菌泳动实验中丧失了泳动能力; 对fliA启动子融合报告菌株的检测发现, 与大肠杆菌一样, 在假结核耶尔森氏菌中二级调控基因fliA的表达也受到flhDC的调控; 对野生型和突变株在非生物活性表面和生物活性表面生物膜形成的观察和统计表明, flhDC突变株在不同表面上生物膜的形成明显减少, 并降低了对线虫表面侵染的严重度. 以上结果表明, flhDC的突变不仅直接使YPIII的运动性丧失, 而且影响了细菌在不同表面上生物膜的形成, 这一新功能的鉴定为细菌生物膜形成机制的研究提供了新的视点.     

fMLP诱导的中性粒细胞胞内游离钙离子浓度变化与细胞极性化过程

目的：观察不同浓度的fMLP诱导中性粒细胞的极性变化,并结合胞内游离钙离子浓度（[Ca^2＋]i）变化曲线分析不同时相细胞的极性化变化,探讨二者之间的关系。方法：使用激光共聚焦显微镜对胞内[Ca^2＋]．变化进行监测,细胞极性化情况通过倒置显微镜来分析。结果：胞内[Ca^2＋]i变化主要包括静息期（0s）、快速上升期（10s）、快速下降期（150s）、慢速下降期（250s）和终末期等5个阶段,在这5个阶段的10s时细胞膜开始皱缩,启动细胞极性化过程,之后呈现为不断的极性化和去极性化过程。结论：游离钙离子浓度升高可能启动了中性粒细胞的极性化,但对之后的极性化过程影响不明显。     

PROP1与联合垂体激素缺乏症

垂体特异性转录因子祖先蛋白(PROP l),是成对同源转录因子,在垂体腺中呈特异性表达,参与早期胚胎垂体的发育,因此,PROP1基因对于垂体前叶的发育是必需的。PROP1启动胚胎期垂体特异性转录因子(PIT-1)的起始表达并维持个体出生后的持续表达,且可直接促使PIT-1细胞系的前体分化为促性腺细胞系。其基因突变可使人、鼠患有联合垂体激素缺乏症(CPHD),表现为生长激素(GH)、促乳素(PRL)、促甲状腺素(TSH)以及促黄体激素(LH)、促卵泡激素(FSH)或促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)缺乏,垂体核磁共振成像显示垂体萎缩。在其它哺乳动物中PROP1突变也会引起垂体和性腺激素异常。就PROP1基因的结构与功能,以及与CPHD间的关系作一综述。     

富含绿原酸的植物中类黄酮测定方法探讨

以枇杷花、枇杷叶和金银花为材料,研究绿原酸干扰类黄酮测定的结果表明,差示分析法基本上不受绿原酸的干扰,可用于富含绿原酸植物中类黄酮的测定;而NaNO_2-Al(NO_3)_3比色法和二甘醇比色法均受绿原酸的严重干扰,测得的类黄酮含量明显偏高,NaNO_2-Al(NO_3)_3比色法测得的结果甚至超过总酚含量。     

厌氧甲烷氧化微生物物质代谢与能量代谢研究进展

甲烷既是一种温室气体,也是一种潜在的能源物质,其源与汇的平衡对地球化学循环及工程应用均有重要意义。厌氧甲烷氧化(anaerobic oxidation of methane,AOM)过程是深海、湿地和农田等自然生境中重要的甲烷汇,在缓解温室气体排放方面发挥了巨大作用。AOM微生物的中枢代谢机制及其能量转化途径则是介导厌氧甲烷氧化耦合其他物质还原的关键所在。因此,本文从电子受体多样性的视角,主要分析了硫酸盐型,硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐型,金属还原型厌氧甲烷氧化微生物的生理生化过程及环境分布,并对近些年发现的新型厌氧甲烷氧化进行了梳理;重点总结了厌氧甲烷氧化微生物细胞内电子传递路径以及胞外电子传递方式;根据厌氧甲烷氧化微生物环境分布及反应特征,就其生态学意义及在污染治理与能源回收方面的潜在应用价值进行了展望。本综述以期深化对厌氧甲烷氧化过程的微生物学认知,并为其潜在的工程应用方向提供新的思路。     

三峡库区人类活动强度与景观格局的耦合响应

人类活动和景观格局是人地系统中两大要素的重要表征,探析人类活动强度与景观格局的耦合变化特征对揭示区域人地关系的演变意义重大。为弥补当前对人类活动强度与景观格局耦合响应研究的不足,构建了山区人类活动强度与景观格局耦合演变模型,提出了综合显性—隐性人类活动强度指数,定量评价了三峡库区腹地奉节县2000—2020年的人类活动强度,并通过双变量空间自相关模型探讨了综合人类活动强度与景观格局的空间耦合特征。研究表明：(1)奉节县的综合人类活动强度在时间上由2000年的11.59%增加为2020年的12.48%,在空间上表现为整体收缩,局部增强的特点,另外人类活动强度和景观格局的空间分布与奉节县的地形梯度密切相关;(2)奉节县的人类活动强度与景观格局空间耦合变化表现出协调型、拮抗型、逐渐协调型和逐渐拮抗型四种类型;(3)影响奉节县综合人类活动强度与景观格局的耦合变化的重要因子为距聚落距离、距县行政中心距离、高程等,社会经济因素逐渐成为区域社会生态系统演变主导因素;(4)三峡库区腹地人类活动强度与景观格局存在耦合响应,且其耦合响应具有一定的多样性和特殊性。三峡库区腹地通过沟谷土地集约化来换取山区的生...     

倭蜂猴粪便微生物苯酚羟化酶和邻苯二酚1,2-双加氧酶基因多样性研究

【目的】分析倭蜂猴粪便微生物中苯酚羟化酶(Phenol hydroxylase,PH)和邻苯二酚1,2-双加氧酶(Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase,C12O)的基因多样性。【方法】利用简并引物,以倭蜂猴粪便微生物宏基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增,分别构建PH和C12O基因克隆文库,并对克隆进行测序分析。【结果】倭蜂猴粪便微生物来源的PH和C12O基因序列经BLAST比对分析,与GenBank中相应酶的序列一致性分别介于92%?100%和87%?100%。系统进化树分析表明PH基因序列与Neisseria、Burkholderia、Alcaligenes、Acinetobacter 4个属来源的PH序列相关;C12O基因序列全部与Acinetobacter来源的C12O序列相关。序列比对结果表明PH序列具有LmPH (Largest subunit of multicomponent PH)中高保守的两个DEXRH结构域;C12O序列具有能被Ag+和Hg2+抑制的位点(半胱氨酸)。【结论】倭蜂猴粪便微生物来源的PH为多组分PH,其降解苯酚的中间产物邻苯二酚可以被C12O通过邻位开环途径裂解。     

星虫动物门活性物质及药理作用研究

本文简要介绍了星虫动物门的由来、分类和星虫的一般生理生态活性特征,并对星虫动物门的资源利用现状进行了分析,肯定了我国在星虫人工养殖、新药开发和利用其作为污染物监测方面所取得的成就.重点介绍了星虫动物门已经发现的营养活性物质、自身生理活性物质和药理活性物质以及星虫所具有的药理活性并对其未来研究进行了展望,比较了国内外学者对星虫研究的区别,为更好地保护和研究星虫提出了一些思路.     

桂西北典型喀斯特区生态服务价值的环境响应及其空间尺度特征

Study on ecosystem service values (ESVs) is the bridge of understanding ecosystem and economic decision-making. To investigate the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales is an urgent work in the process of ecological restoration and sustainable development in southwest China. Based on the previous research results, the remote images, and weather data of 31 years (1975-2005), the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales in a typical karst area of northwest Guangxi, China were evaluated with the method of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) in this paper. The results showed that ESVs had obvious variations with changes in elevation, rocky types and soil types, and had corresponding characteristics of spatial scales. The ESVs in middle and low elevation areas were higher, but they decreased due to human activities such as deforestation. The ESVs in peak-cluster depression areas were lower, and they would increase as influenced by policies such as returning farmland to forestland. The ESVs were influenced by rocky types, showing lower values but an increasing trend in the typical karst regions while higher values but a decreasing trend in non-karst regions. The average ESVs in the west part of the study region, which is not only the main nature reserve for rare wildlife species in Guangxi, but also one of the best preserved natural vegetation regions in China, were more than 15,000 RMB Yuan ha-1,. Comparatively, the ESVs were less than 10,000 Yuan ha-1 in the middle part of the region attributed to low vegetation coverage, serious peak-cluster depression and karst rocky desertification. After about 20 years, that is from 1985 to 2005, the ecosystem conditions had been improved and the ESVs had increased in the middle and eastern part of this study region. On the contrary, in most western part, which was dominated by subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, they had been worsened, and the balance values of ESVs were negative. As for the relationships of ESVs with rocky types and soil types, lime soil and red soil were the two main soil types that contributed to ESVs (The total contribution was above 60%, and it is 63.77%,64.37%,64.56%,64.91% respectively in the four years of 1985, 1990, 2000 and 2005.). The variance contribution of intrinsic mode function (IMF) and trend (R) showed that there were obvious special sales for ESVs in this study area, and the main spatial scales were about 2.7 km, 5.5 km, and 11.6 km. The variance contribution ratio was 12.29%, 11.26%, 11.49% respectively, and the trend (R) was high (17.74%). In conclusion, this study indicated that ecosystem conditions in the typical karst area were improved owing to the application of rocky desertification control policies, such as ecological migration and returning farmland to forestland. Besides, the main spatial scales of ESVs in the study area were the interactions of terrain, physiognomy, land use / land cover and human activities.