微生物采矿与金属回收:有关公司走上了这条漫长而谨慎的道路

大家知道,生物技术已经成为制药业和诊断业的注意中心,而其他一些行业也在调研生物技术在某些更为深奥的领域中的应用潜力。虽然现在还只有美国的一家专业公司在致力于生物技术在采矿和冶金业中的应用——与之相比,专门从事医学或实验室研究与开发的生物技术公司已有100多家了。不过已有几家大采矿和冶金公司在探索微生物工程和遗传工程的可能用途。     

百合科药用新植物

本新种与开口箭(T.chinensis Baker)接近,但穗状花序具疏生的花,苞片小,花柱明显,极易区别于后者。根状茎伸长,园柱形,直生,长12—18厘米,粗厚(直径8—20毫米),向末端变狭;根疏生,稍粗,延长,不分叉,具白色细毛。叶3—7枚,干后纸质,叶片条状披针     

荷花新品种选育研究初报

笔者采用选择育种、杂交育种和幅射诱变等手段,选育出37个花型新颖、色泽鲜丽的荷花品种。本文提出盆栽新品种的评选标准,认为在名品荟萃的荷花圃里,利用选择育种是快速简便的方法。     

健康人口腔中EB病毒排出情况的研究

本研究对30名血清EB病毒抗体阳性健康人从口腔排出EB病毒的情况,作了15个月的反复观察。发现28人有病毒排出,其中每次检查均为阳性者6人,间断阳性者22人,有2人多次检查均为阴性。这一结果提示,EB病毒可能是通过它在口咽部某些特定细胞内的慢性复制而在活体内持续存在的。     

检测153例儿童Kikuchi-Fujimoto病患者淋巴结组织中的分枝杆菌及疱疹病毒

Kikuchi-Fujimoto病(KFD),又称为组织坏死性淋巴结炎,是儿童的一种自限性疾病.一些研究表明其病因与微生物有关.既往研究显示,特定病原体的存在与临床、病理以及实验室检查结果之间没有明确关联.采用基于PCR的分子检测在KFD淋巴结组织中检测并鉴定分枝杆菌、疱疹病毒和细小病毒B19的DNA.收集2001~2010年间福尔马林固定后石蜡包埋的KFD淋巴结活检标本153例.在19例(12.4%)组织中检测到分支杆菌DNA,包括Mycobacterium intracellulare, M. avium, M. smegmatis, M. abscessus, M. conceptionense, M. riyadhense, M.vanbaalenii和M. monacense各1例; M. fortuitum, M. kansasii和M. mucogenicum各2例以及未明确的其他分枝杆菌5例. PCR方法也检测到10例(6.5%)细小病毒B19, 3例(2%) EBV, 1例(0.6%) CMV, 1例(0.6%) HHV-6, 1例(0.6%)HHV-7和5例(3.3%) HHV-8.本研究结果确定了KFD淋巴结组织中分枝杆菌以及病毒特异DNA的存在,但其临床以及病理学相关性未明.本研究是目前最大的采用覆盖分枝杆菌以及病毒病原体的分子技术的KFD研究.     

FISH ASSEMBLAGE RESPONSES TO DIFFERENT SECONDARY CHANNEL DESIGNS IN THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER,U.S.A.:A TEMPLATE FOR RIVER RESTORATION

The lower Mississippi River(LMR) has been heavily modified for multiple human purposes such as navigation, flood control, and bank stabilization. However, the LMR simultaneously supports a diverse fish fauna that includes recreational and commercial fisheries. Due to river training and diversion structures constructed during the past 80 years, the historic characteristics of the LMR have been drastically altered and have likely influenced fishes and fisheries in the system. One common restoration measure used throughout the LMR has been to "notch" wing-dike structures that close secondary(side) river channels. Dike notching allows year-round flows through secondary channels, which enhances habitat diversity and promotes biological productivity at the ecosystem scale. Although notching is presumed good for LMR fishes and other biota, few studies have examined its effects on fish assemblages. In this study, fish assemblages were sampled at seven LMR secondary channels spanning from river kilometer(rkm) 628(Louisiana-Mississippi, U.S.A.) upstream to rkm 1504(Missouri-Kentucky, U.S.A.). Four secondary channels were termed "permanent"(i.e.,with notched dikes) while three secondary channels were termed "temporary"(i.e., without notched dikes).Fishes were sampled by boat-mounted electrofishing conducted during falling and low stages from1995—1997. Fish assemblages differed between permanent and temporary secondary channels, and varied somewhat between falling and low stages. Gizzard shad(Dorosoma cepedianum), threadfin shad(D. petenense), and white bass(Morone chrysops) demonstrated consistent preferences for low-current conditions associated with temporary secondary channels. Conversely, blue catfish(Ictalurus furcatus), flathead catfish(Pylodictis olivaris), and freshwater drum(Aplodinotus grunniens) were more associated with permanent secondary channels. Future restoration strategies in the LMR should consider dike notching and resultant maintenance of permanent secondary channels in selected river reaches. However, temporary secondary channels also contain unique fish species, and also appear to be important sites of riverine primary production. Restoration strategies should consider a balance of both secondary channel types, which should support the greatest biodiversity for the LMR ecosystem.     

农药亚致死剂量对小菜蛾及优姬蜂种群动力学的影响(英文)

本研究通过用农药农蒙特(25×10~(-6))和氯氰菊酯(20×10~(-6))处理,采用生命表技术和控制效应来评判农药亚致死剂量对田间小菜蛾和优姬蜂种群动力学的影响。结果表明,农蒙特和氯氰菊酯对优姬蜂种群的控制效应大于对小菜蛾种群的控制效应,寄生在农蒙特处理的小菜蛾幼虫体内的优姬蜂幼虫的死亡率显著地高于氯氰菊酯处理的和对照的,表现出农蒙特对寄生蜂影响的深远性。     

喀麦隆芋艿根腐病病原菌鉴定

从采自喀麦隆不同地区的芋艿(Xanthosoma mafaffa L.)病根及田土中分离菌株,分别从雅温得(Yaound(?))和巴马约(Mbalmayo)分离到的腐霉菌株XPMY和XPMM1,根据其形态学及生理学特征鉴定为群结腐霉Pythium myriotylum,用上述腐霉菌株的游动孢子悬液或菌丝体片断悬液人工接种,表现叶黄化及根腐等典型症状。用经常伴随群结腐霉的立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani及茄镰孢Fusarium solani人工接种后均未表现症状。研究结果表明:群结腐霉Pythium myriotylum Drechsler是喀麦隆芋艿根腐病的致病菌。     

石蕊属某些地衣共生菌的培养研究

本文对石蕊属15个种子囊孢子进行了培养特性的研究.所有种子囊孢子均在12小时内萌发,并且前7-15天生长迅速,以后逐渐缓慢.随着培养时间增长.分离物可形成有特征性的菌落形态和色素,利用生长型和菌落及培养基中色素产生情况可将不同分离物区分开.对石蕊属的常规培养很有希望成为识别该属成员的有用特征.     

链霉菌发育调控启动子——P_(TH270)对细胞分化的影响

在原核生物发育分化的分子生物学研究中,以枯草杆菌为模式系统进行了许多研究,但其生命周期特别是分化过程比较简单,不象链霉菌有基质菌丝、气生菌丝、菌丝分隔形成多细胞,然后断裂形成单孢子的过程。链霉菌的这一性状与真核生物丝状真菌的分化相似。因此在原核生物中,链霉菌是研究分化基因表达调控的良好模式材料,为在时空上研究发育分化基因的多水平调控提供了有利条件。 链霉菌的发育调控启动子(P_(TH270))是国际上首先克隆的两个启动子之一。一些研究结果表明该启动子依赖于链霉菌分化关键基因——whiG。虽然该启动子的序列已被测定,启动子的-10区和-35区已被精确定位,但该启动子在链霉菌发育分化中是如何调控的,当它以高拷贝数的形式存在时对细胞内含物的组份有何影响,这种影响怎样与分化关联,这些都是有待解决的重要问题。本文报道这方面