Comparative analysis of the pig BAC sequence involved in the regulation of myostatin gene

Myostatin (GDF-8, MSTN) is a member of trans- forming growth factors (TGF-β) superfamily, which was first described by McPherron et al. in 1997[1]. Myostatin appears to act as a negative regulator of muscle development and controls not only fibre size but also fibre number[2,3]. Mutations in the third exon of the myostatin gene have been shown to cause dou- ble muscling in cattle[4]. By knocking out the gene of myostatin in mice, they were able to show that the transgenic mice developed …     

棉花优异纤维品质性状的双列杂交分析

利用5个具有不同纤维品质性状的品种(系)配制完全双列杂交组合20个,通过亲本和F1的2年随机区组试验,结果为除纤维整齐度受环境等因素影响较大,其余性状主要受遗传因素控制;在与环境的互作中,纤维强度和长度的互作效应小,麦克隆值的加性和母体效应及伸长率的显性效应与环境的互作较大,均达到了显著水平;遗传主效中,所有的研究性状不存在母体效应,以加性为主;强度与长度加性遗传率高,分别占77．6％和73．2％;麦克隆值的加性效应占45．2％,显性效应所占的比例在纤维性状中最高,为11．5％。纤维品质性状的群体平均优势仅麦克隆值的较高(3．2％),达到了显著水平,其余性状的优势仅为-0．4％-0．7％。纤维品质性状的遗传结果与杂种优势一致。在杂种优势利用时,可以通过双亲平均值的高低来预测F1的纤维品质表现。纤维强度、长度和细度的加性遗传率高,这些性状均可以早代选择。     

三种植物粉剂对四纹豆象(鞘翅目:豆象科)行为、死亡率和繁殖的影响

The effects of powders from dry flower buds of Eugenia aromatica Baill., seeds of Piper guineense Schum and Thonn and fruits of Capsicum frutescens L. on adult behaviour, mortality and reproductive fitness of the cowpea seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus （Fab.） were investigated under ambient laboratory conditions. All experiments were carried out in glass Petri plates. All powders elicited aversion in adult beetles. The contact toxicity symptoms included restlessness, loss of coordination, knock down and eventual death of adult beetles. These behaviours were more pronounced with E. aromatica in which adult beetles died within 16 hours. P. guineense and C. frutescens powders did not cause 100% mortality of adult beetles, even after 24 hours. Each of the three powders significantly （P 〈 0.05） reduced the mating competition of adult males after sub-lethal exposure for one, two, and three hours, respectively. E. aromatica powder caused more reduction in male mating competition for females than any of the other two powders after each period of exposure. Receptiveness of treated females to courting males was also decreased by exposure to any of the three powders. Similarly, E. aromatica powder caused greater decreases in female receptiveness to males than any of the other two powders after each period of exposure. Exposure of either adult male or female C. maculatus to the powders for sub-lethal times of three, six and nine hours significantly reduced the fecundity of the beetles. E. aromatica powder caused the most reduction of eggs laid and also significantly reduced fertility of the eggs.     

七种糕点对赤拟谷盗(鞘翅目：拟步甲科)感染的抗性（英文）

Biscuits are flour-based products,which areconsumed by majority of people,both old and young,throughout the world and most especially by children,teenagers and mid-adults(Majumder,1970).It can beserved as a desert or snacks and as a breakfast foodwhentaken with beverages.Its ready-to-serve state andlong shelf life contribute to its acceptability by themasses.Wheat as humanfoodis used principallyintheformof flour for baked products such as bread,bis-cuits,pastries and crackers(Kent,1983).In th…     

福建卷柏属植物的物种多样性述评

卷柏属Selaginella Beauv.是一个在分类上较困难的类群,种类多,形态变化大。全世界有卷柏属植物750种以上,可以分为5个亚属。2002年10月我们对武夷山脉及周边地区的卷柏种类进行了调查,采集的标本存放于新加坡国立大学标本馆(SINU)和厦门大学标本馆(AU)。此外,我们还认真观察了来自福建师范大学标本馆(FNU)和AU的卷柏标本。结果表明,在福建,卷柏有18种1变种。其中,缘毛卷柏S. ciliaris、白毛卷柏S. albociliata和布朗卷柏S. braunii是福建分布的3个新记录。     

蜜蜂褪黑素的测定方法

在脊椎动物中,褪黑素(5-甲氧基-N-乙酰色胺,MLT)是一种由松果体分泌的具有典型光周期信号作用的神经内分泌激素。近年在昆虫头部也发现了这种化学物质。该文简述了褪黑素常见测定方法,详细介绍了褪黑素的免疫测定方法RIA(radionimmunoassay),并使用该方法初步测定了中华蜜蜂ApisceranaFabricius工蜂头部褪黑素的含量,结果显示褪黑素含量与工蜂的社会分工相关。     

硫磺菌原变种液体培养代谢物生物活性分析

硫磺菌原变种Laetiporus sulphureusvar.sulphureus在液体培养条件下对果蝇具有致死效应,研究发现在液体培养过程中分泌到细胞外的代谢产物是致死效应的主要原因,并且上清液对果蝇的生物活性受pH值的影响。离子交换树脂柱和高效液相色谱分离分析表明草酸存在于硫磺菌原变种培养液的上清液中并且是果蝇致死效应和培养体系pH下降的一个重要因素。硫磺菌原变种在气升式反应器ALR/ff培养体系中草酸的浓度、菌丝体量和pH值呈简单相关。进一步分析发现还有另外一种结构未知、在碱性条件下呈紫红色的色素也具有致死效应。     

影响食肉目动物能量学的生态因子

在食肉目的62种动物中,体重的变异可以解释基础代谢率86.8%的变化。当栖息基底、食性、生境和纬度等4个因素与体重合起来一起分析,则可以解释基础代谢率98.7%的变化,即这些生态和行为因子可以解释代谢率残差变异的81.1%。身体成分也是影响基础代谢率的另一个因素,可以解释一些大型树栖种类的较低的代谢率。除体重因素外,导致真兽类基础代谢率变异的主要原因是:当生态因素适合时,高水平的能量消耗可以促进动物的高繁殖输出,而动物的某些习性和生存环境则会要求低能量消耗,从而使繁殖率降低。当以科为单元进行分析时,对结果没有影响。生理参数与分类单元之间大多数的相关性反映了生态和行为因素与分类系统之间的一种粗略的相关关系。除非系统学可以反映动物的生态学和行为学,否则系统学不能决定动物适应性特征的状态     

Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis引起的海水鱼阿米巴鳃病

海水养殖的鲑鱼及鲽鱼(Scophthalmusmaximus)的阿米巴鳃病是由Neoparamoebapemaquidensis引起的。在西班牙,该病对鲑鱼的海水养殖造成巨大损失,同时也正威胁着鲽鱼的养殖。组织病理损伤主要是鱼鳃上皮细胞的增生和肥大。该虫仅寄生在鱼鳃表面。现已有证据证明,非特异免疫参与鱼类抵御该病,但还没有证明特异性免疫在此过程中发挥作用的相似证据。对鲑鱼来说,治疗该病惟一有效的方法就是用淡水浸泡     

社会关系和性关系中的自我理毛行为

有很多观点解释了动物自我理毛的作用。例如,动物通过自我理毛可以清除在与附近的同种异性接触期间传播来的寄生虫,当嗅出同种异性的气味时也可能自我理毛,因为自我理毛是一种动物在逃避还是战斗之间所面临的进退两难选择时表现出来的改向行为。动物可以通过自我理毛缓解紧张,因而是一种缓解冲动的方式。在其它情况下,动物自我理毛可能表示对同种个体的反应,它们在不同场合下普遍存在自我理毛行为,表明这种行为有多种功能。因此,在这篇综述中,作者尽量避免自我理毛具有其它功能的争议,我们无意把自我理毛看成一种仅仅是对焦虑和紧张的反应、降低体温的机制,或者是一种护理体表的行为,我们也感到这种观点没有新意,这种有局限性的观点不支持自我理毛行为具有多种功能。我们在本文中更多关注的是自我理毛的特定背景,即当一个个体遇到同种个体的气味而出现的自我理毛行为[动物学报5l（5）：772-779,2005]。