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931.
Martin Hucík Marek Bučko Peter Gemeiner Vladimír Štefuca Alica Vikartovská Marko D. Mihovilovič Florian Rudroff Naseem Iqbal Dušan ChorvátJr. Igor Lacík 《Biotechnology letters》2010,32(5):675-680
Recombinant Escherichia coli cells, over-expressing cyclopentanone monooxygenase activity, were immobilized in polyelectrolyte complex capsules, made
of sodium alginate, cellulose sulfate, poly(methylene-co-guanidine), CaCl2 and NaCl. More than 90% of the cell viability was preserved during the encapsulation process. Moreover, the initial enzyme
activity was fully maintained within encapsulated cells while it halved in free cells. Both encapsulated and free cells reached
the end point of the Baeyer–Villiger biooxidation of 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-one to 4,9-dioxabicyclo[4.2.1]non-7-en-3-one
at the same time (48 h). Similarly, the enantiomeric excess above 94% was identical for encapsulated and free cells. 相似文献
932.
Muharrem Bitiren Ali Ziya Karakilcik Mustafa Zerin Ilyas Ozardalı Sehabettin Selek Yaşar Nazlıgül Abdullah Ozgonul Davut Musa Ali Uzunkoy 《Biological trace element research》2010,136(1):87-95
Ulcerative colitis increases oxidative damage accompanied by production of free oxygen radicals. Selenium (Se) and vitamin
E are two natural antioxidants. The present study was undertaken to investigate the possible protective role of Se and vitamin
E combination in experimental colitis induced by acetic acid (AA) in rats. This study was carried out on three groups, namely
the first (control), the second (experimental colitis group, 2 ml 5% acetic acid), and the third groups (2 ml 5% acetic acid,
vitamin E (100 mg/kg body weight (bw)) plus Se (0.2 mg/kg bw)). The activities of catalase (CAT), prolidase (PRS), myeloperoxidase
(MPO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), total thiol (T-SH) were
determined in plasma and colon samples. Macroscopic and microscopic damages in colon were increased by AA treatment (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively), whereas they were decreased by selenium and vitamin E treatment (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The activities of CAT and PRS in the plasma and colon were significantly affected (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) by treatment of AA, Se, and vitamin E. MPO activity in colon was increased (p < 0.01) by AA treatment and decreased (p < 0.05) by Se and vitamin E administration. The values of TOS and OSI in plasma were increased (p < 0.5) by AA. The TAC and T-SH in colon were decreased (p < 0.05) by AA and increased (p < 0.05) by Se and vitamin E. Based upon these results, Se and vitamin E may play an important role in preventive indication
of the oxidative damage associated by acetic acid caused inflammation. 相似文献
933.
Canan Küçükgergin A. Fatih Aydın Gül Özdemirler-Erata Güldal Mehmetçik Necla Koçak-Toker Müjdat Uysal 《Biological trace element research》2010,135(1-3):264-274
Hypercholesterolemia and lipid peroxidation play complementary roles in atherosclerosis. Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L., Asteraceae) leaf extract (ALE), rich in antioxidants, has cholesterol-reducing effect. We investigated the effect of ALE on serum and hepatic lipid levels and pro-oxidant–antioxidant balance in the liver and heart of hypercholesterolemic rats. Rats were fed on 4% (w/w) cholesterol and 1% cholic acid (w/w) supplemented diet for 1 month. ALE (1.5 g/kg/day) was given by gavage during the last 2 weeks. High cholesterol (HC) diet caused significant increases in serum and liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels. It increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugate (DC) levels in both tissues. Hepatic vitamin E levels and hepatic and cardiac glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities decreased, but superoxide dismutase and glutathione transferase activities, glutathione, and vitamin C levels remained unchanged due to HC diet. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and ratio of cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol decreased in ALE plus HC-treated rats, but liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels remained unchanged. Significant decreases in hepatic and cardiac MDA and DC levels and increases in hepatic vitamin E and GSH-Px activities were observed in ALE-treated hypercholesterolemic rats. Our results indicate that ALE decreases serum lipids and hypercholesterolemia-induced pro-oxidant state in both tissues. 相似文献
934.
Hana Nůsková Marek Vrbacký Zdeněk Drahota Josef Houštěk 《Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes》2010,42(5):395-403
The mechanism of cyanide’s inhibitory effect on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) as well as the conditions for its recovery have not yet been fully explained. We investigated three parameters
of COX function, namely electron transport (oxygen consumption), proton transport (mitochondrial membrane potential Δψ
m) and the enzyme affinity to oxygen (p
50
value) with regard to the inhibition by KCN and its reversal by pyruvate. 250 μM KCN completely inhibited both the electron
and proton transport function of COX. The inhibition was reversible as demonstrated by washing of mitochondria. The addition
of 60 mM pyruvate induced the maximal recovery of both parameters to 60–80% of the original values. When using low KCN concentrations
of up to 5 μM, we observed a profound, 30-fold decrease of COX affinity for oxygen. Again, this decrease was completely reversed
by washing mitochondria while pyruvate induced only a partial, yet significant recovery of oxygen affinity. Our results demonstrate
that the inhibition of COX by cyanide is reversible and that the potential of pyruvate as a cyanide poisoning antidote is
limited. Importantly, we also showed that the COX affinity for oxygen is the most sensitive indicator of cyanide toxic effects. 相似文献
935.
Imed Sbissi Mohamed Neffati Abdellatif Boudabous Claude Murat Maher Gtari 《Antonie van Leeuwenhoek》2010,98(4):429-436
The molecular phylogeny and comparative morphological studies reported here provide evidence for the recognition of the genus
Picoa, an hypogeous desert truffle, in the family Pyronemataceae (Ascomycota, Pezizales). Picoa juniperi and Picoa lefebvrei were reassigned to the genus Picoa based on large subunit (LSU) sequence (28S) rDNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA (including the partial 18S, ITS1,
ITS2, 5.8S gene, and partial 28S of the nuclear rDNA) data. Morphological studies of spores, asci, perida, and gleba revealed
high similarities between P. lefebvrei and P. juniperi, thereby confirming the membership of both species in the genus Picoa. These two species were primarily distinguishable based on ascospore ornamentation. 相似文献
936.
Glucoamylase is an extracellular enzyme produced mainly by microorganisms. It belongs to the commercially frequently exploited
biocatalysts. The major application of glucoamylase is in the starch bioprocessing to produce glucose and in alcoholic fermentations
of starchy materials. Filamentous fungi have been the source of glucoamylases for industrial purposes as well as an object
of numerous research studies. Some yeasts also secrete a large amount of glucoamylase with biochemical characteristics slightly
different from those of filamentous fungi. Modern biotechnological applications require glucoamylases of certain properties
optimal for a given process. Novel biocatalysts can be prepared from already existing enzymes using techniques of protein
engineering or directed evolution. Tailoring of a commercial glucoamylase requires knowledge, on a molecular level, of structure/function
relationships of enzymes originating from various sources and having different catalytic properties. Sequences of the cloned
genes, their recombinant expression and the tertiary structure determination of glucoamylase are prerequisite to obtain such
information. The presented review focuses on molecular-genetic and structural aspects of yeast glucoamylases, supplemented
with the basic biochemical characterization of the given enzymes. 相似文献
937.
Data on benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages of two alpine lakes in the Tatra Mts (Slovakia) collected in 1914, 1933, 1979–1982,
1993–1997, and 2000 were collated and analysed in an attempt to define their relationship to major environmental events affecting
these alpine lakes over the last century. The oldest data were considered an important background before the onset of acidification
in one of the lakes in the 1950s, while the most current contain possible information on biological recovery. Results show
that data from the 1910s are insufficient to characterize the macroinvertebrate fauna. Deep zone assemblages of both studied
lakes have remained stable since the 1930s. Changes in the density of dominant species over time were found in the acidified
lake, suggesting a connection between an increase in phosphorus and chlorophyll-a concentration. The composition of the littoral assemblages in the acidified lake in the 1930s indicates that the lake was
not strongly acidified at that time. A stable composition since the 1980s reflects the ongoing acid stress. Incomplete species
data on the non-acidified lake did not allow us to detect possible changes in the littoral fauna related to acidification.
Single findings of species indicating a recovery process need longer-term data to confirm such a trend. Results from this
study suggest that historical datasets consist of valuable information that can supplement palaeolimnological analyses in
the reconstruction of lake ontogeny. 相似文献
938.
The distribution and ecology of four threatened lichens in the Czech Republic, Evernia mesomorpha, Hyperphyscia adglutinata, Hypotrachyna revoluta and Parmotrema perlatum, have been studied. All species are mainly epiphytic, but recent records from the Czech Republic are largely from siliceous
rocks in river/brook valleys. Changes in distribution and substrate preferences are documented and discussed. 相似文献
939.
A new species, Anatrichus bimaculatus sp. n. (Diptera: Chloropidae), is described from Zambia. Two African Anatrichus species, A. bimaculatus sp. n. and A. erinaceus, are characterized, and the main differential features are illustrated. 相似文献
940.
Parasitism of plants by other plants provides an exceptional opportunity for investigating correlative nutritional relationships.
Because of lacking a usual plant-root sytem capable of active uptake, the best correlation for predicting the concentrations
of elements in parasitic plants is often those in the host plants. This study, therefore, mainly focuses on determination
of i) mineral nutrient partitioning between hemi-parasitic white berry mistletoe (Viscum album L. subsp. album) and four of its deciduous hosts growing in different habitats namely wetland and semi-arid and ii) effects of these habitat
types on nutrient absorption. During the research, leaf samples of both hemi-parasites and their host plants were chemically
analysed, mistletoes on each host plants were counted and the results were considered statistically. Concentrations of some
elements (N, P, K, Na, S, Cu, Zn) were higher in mistletoe whereas some others (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and B) were higher in the hosts
(p< 0.05). Habitat type was also determined to be effective in host-parasite systems. Revealing information about nutritional
interactions between multi-host hemi-parasites and their host plants is a useful tool to understand their functions in ecosystems,
population-community dynamics and their co-evolution process. 相似文献