全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1008篇 |
免费 | 74篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
1083篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 19篇 |
2017年 | 19篇 |
2016年 | 19篇 |
2015年 | 21篇 |
2014年 | 17篇 |
2013年 | 74篇 |
2012年 | 62篇 |
2011年 | 74篇 |
2010年 | 59篇 |
2009年 | 50篇 |
2008年 | 48篇 |
2007年 | 41篇 |
2006年 | 48篇 |
2005年 | 34篇 |
2004年 | 53篇 |
2003年 | 42篇 |
2002年 | 38篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 16篇 |
1999年 | 18篇 |
1998年 | 20篇 |
1997年 | 17篇 |
1996年 | 13篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 16篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
1955年 | 8篇 |
1954年 | 27篇 |
1953年 | 8篇 |
1952年 | 9篇 |
1951年 | 9篇 |
1950年 | 7篇 |
1949年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有1083条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
Jørgensen KM Hjelle SM Øye OK Puntervoll P Reikvam H Skavland J Anderssen E Bruserud Ø Gjertsen BT 《Journal of Proteomics》2011,74(3):269-281
Protein and gene networks centred on the regulatory tumour suppressor proteins may be of crucial importance both in carcinogenesis and in the response to chemotherapy. Tumour suppressor protein p53 integrates intracellular data in stress responses, receiving signals and translating these into differential gene expression. Interpretation of the data integrated on p53 may therefore reveal the response to therapy in cancer. Proteomics offers more specific data - closer to "the real action" - than the hitherto more frequently used gene expression profiling. Integrated data analysis may reveal pathways disrupted at several regulatory levels. Ultimately, integrated data analysis may also contribute to finding key underlying cancer genes. We here proposes a Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR)-based data integration strategy, which allows simultaneous analysis of proteomic data, gene expression data and classical clinical parameters. PLSR collapses multidimensional data into fewer relevant dimensions for data interpretation. PLSR can also aid identification of functionally important modules by also performing comparison to databases on known biological interactions. Further, PLSR allows meaningful visualization of complex datasets, aiding interpretation of the underlying biology. Extracting the true biological causal mechanisms from heterogeneous patient populations is the key to discovery of new therapeutic options in cancer. 相似文献
102.
Jeffrey D Orth Tom M Conrad Jessica Na Joshua A Lerman Hojung Nam Adam M Feist Bernhard Ø Palsson 《Molecular systems biology》2011,7(1)
The initial genome‐scale reconstruction of the metabolic network of Escherichia coli K‐12 MG1655 was assembled in 2000. It has been updated and periodically released since then based on new and curated genomic and biochemical knowledge. An update has now been built, named iJO1366, which accounts for 1366 genes, 2251 metabolic reactions, and 1136 unique metabolites. iJO1366 was (1) updated in part using a new experimental screen of 1075 gene knockout strains, illuminating cases where alternative pathways and isozymes are yet to be discovered, (2) compared with its predecessor and to experimental data sets to confirm that it continues to make accurate phenotypic predictions of growth on different substrates and for gene knockout strains, and (3) mapped to the genomes of all available sequenced E. coli strains, including pathogens, leading to the identification of hundreds of unannotated genes in these organisms. Like its predecessors, the iJO1366 reconstruction is expected to be widely deployed for studying the systems biology of E. coli and for metabolic engineering applications. 相似文献
103.
Alhede M Kragh KN Qvortrup K Allesen-Holm M van Gennip M Christensen LD Jensen PØ Nielsen AK Parsek M Wozniak D Molin S Tolker-Nielsen T Høiby N Givskov M Bjarnsholt T 《PloS one》2011,6(11):e27943
For a chronic infection to be established, bacteria must be able to cope with hostile conditions such as low iron levels, oxidative stress, and clearance by the host defense, as well as antibiotic treatment. It is generally accepted that biofilm formation facilitates tolerance to these adverse conditions. However, microscopic investigations of samples isolated from sites of chronic infections seem to suggest that some bacteria do not need to be attached to surfaces in order to establish chronic infections. In this study we employed scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, RT-PCR as well as traditional culturing techniques to study the properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa aggregates. We found that non-attached aggregates from stationary-phase cultures have comparable growth rates to surface attached biofilms. The growth rate estimations indicated that, independently of age, both aggregates and flow-cell biofilm had the same slow growth rate as a stationary phase shaking cultures. Internal structures of the aggregates matrix components and their capacity to survive otherwise lethal treatments with antibiotics (referred to as tolerance) and resistance to phagocytes were also found to be strikingly similar to flow-cell biofilms. Our data indicate that the tolerance of both biofilms and non-attached aggregates towards antibiotics is reversible by physical disruption. We provide evidence that the antibiotic tolerance is likely to be dependent on both the physiological states of the aggregates and particular matrix components. Bacterial surface-attachment and subsequent biofilm formation are considered hallmarks of the capacity of microbes to cause persistent infections. We have observed non-attached aggregates in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients; otitis media; soft tissue fillers and non-healing wounds, and we propose that aggregated cells exhibit enhanced survival in the hostile host environment, compared with non-aggregated bacterial populations. 相似文献
104.
Øystein Flagstad Narendra M.B. Pradhan Liv Guro Kvernstuen Per Wegge 《Journal for Nature Conservation》2012,20(3):181-190
The Terai is one of the world's most spectacular landscapes, encompassing parts of Nepal and northern India. This area used to harbour large and continuous populations of charismatic species like elephants, tigers and rhinoceros. However, recent habitat fragmentation reduced these populations into small, partially or completely isolated remnants. The largest of these fragments in Nepal is the Bardia National Park. Here, the elephant population was functionally extinct in the early 1970s and -80s, but was rescued by a considerable number of immigrants in 1994. In order to assess population size, sex ratio, age structure, and levels of genetic variation, we carried out non-invasive genetic sampling, using elephant dung as the source of DNA. A capture-mark-recapture estimate of population size suggested that there were 57 individuals in the study area, which agrees well with field observations. Notably, a strongly male-biased sex ratio was evident among sub-adult individuals. This observation suggests the presence of sub-adult immigrants in the population, which was supported by formal migrant detection analysis. Genetic variation was quite high and the evidence for male immigrants suggests that there are good prospects for maintenance of genetic diversity. A decade ago a large-scale project was initiated in the Terai region to link remaining populations of large mammals through dispersal corridors. The program is basically founded on the assumption that habitat fragments are isolated with little or no migration between them. Our results indicate that this may not be the case, at least not for the Asian elephant in western Nepal, which therefore reduces the alleged extinction risk from genetic erosion and stochastic demographic events. 相似文献
105.
Jon Nielsen Vibeke Brix Christensen Lise Borgwardt Allan Rasmussen Olga Østrup Mette Skalshøi Kjær 《生物化学与生物物理学报:疾病的分子基础》2019,1865(3):577-586
Pediatric liver disease (PLD) is a major cause of severe morbidity and prolonged hospitalizations in children. Stratifying patients in terms of prognosis remains challenging. The limited knowledge about molecular mechanisms causing and accompanying PLD remains the main obstacle in a search for reliable prognostic biomarkers. A systematic search of MEDLINE via PubMed and Embase via OVID was conducted on studies published between August 2007 and August 2017. Molecular markers with a prognostic potential in terms of survival, need for liver transplantation or disease progression/regression were selected. In general, identified studies were single center smaller case-control studies or case series with a low level of evidence and a high risk of bias. Only 23 studies comprising 898 patients could be included, mostly focusing on biliary atresia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, and LT; and markers related to morphogenesis and fibrosis. Furthermore, molecular markers in metabolic pathways and inflammation shown to be relevant, however requiring further validation. Hence, further biological and clinical studies are needed to gain greater molecular insight into PLD. 相似文献
106.
In Drosophila pseudoobscura, the amylase (Amy) multigene family is
contained within a series of inversions, or gene arrangements, on the third
chromosome. The Standard (ST), Santa Cruz (SC), and Tree Line (TL)
inversions are central to the phylogeny of arrangements, and have clusters
of other arrangements derived from them. The gene arrangements belonging to
each of these three clusters have a characteristic number of Amy genes,
ranging from three in ST to two in SC to one in TL. This distribution
pattern can reflect a history of either duplications or deletions, although
the data available in the past did not permit a decision between these
alternatives. We provide unambiguous evidence that three Amy genes were
present before the divergence of the ST, SC, and TL arrangements. Thus, the
current status of the Amy multigene family is the result of deletions in
the TL and SC arrangements, which created three new pseudogenes: TL
Amy2-psi, TL Amy3-psi, and SC Amy3- psi. Analysis of pseudogene sequences
revealed that, in the SC and ST arrangements, pseudogene evolution has been
retarded, most likely due to the homogenization effect of gene conversion.
Finally, by determining the original copy number, we have reconstructed the
evolutionary history of the Amy multigene family and linked it with the
evolution of the central gene arrangements.
相似文献
107.
108.
Houen G Struve C Søndergaard R Friis T Anthoni U Nielsen PH Christophersen C Petersen BO Duus JØ 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2005,13(11):3783-3796
The oxidation of spermidine or homospermidine with bovine serum amine oxidase (BSAO) was monitored in situ, using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in water with 10% D(2)O. NMR assignments were performed by spin decoupling and COSY spectra or by comparison with data from synthetic aminoaldehydes. The results represent the first in situ characterisation of the highly reactive aminoaldehydes and showed oxidation at the N(1) amino group of spermidine and homospermidine. Comparison of homospermidine with a variety of substrates revealed that among straight chain di- and polyamines both an aminopropyl group and two primary amino groups separated by seven (norspermidine) or eight (spermidine) carbon atoms were required for optimal substrate ability. However, highest activity was seen with the substrate N-(4-aminobutyl)hexahydropyrimidine, showing that the substrate channel of BSAO has a dual substrate preference, with moderately bulky substituents at the distal end of a diamine contributing equally well as an alkyl amino group. Cytotoxic investigations of a variety of substrates for BSAO, confirmed previous results, that cytotoxicity is primarily linked to polyamines encompassing the aminopropyl moiety. No acrolein was observed at any time during the oxidation showing that it reacts very fast with available amino groups forming a variety of derivatives. 相似文献
109.
110.